| Automobile industry is one of the pillar industries in China.The automobile industry chain is long and highly correlated,which can drive the development of upstream and downstream industries such as steel,machinery,electronics,finance and insurance,as well as create considerable tax revenue for the country,and absorb a large number of employees.It can be said that the speed and quality of the development of automobile industry directly affect the country's industrialization process and the speed and quality of economic growth.The development of China's automobile industry started from the introduction of technology.After four stages such as start-up,growth,all-round development and rapid growth,it passed the mark of annual sales of 20 million in 2013,and became an indispensable link in the world automobile industry system.However,compared with developed countries,there is still a big gap in the development of China's automobile industry,and the key core technologies are always in the hands of developed countries.At the same time,the development of the automobile industry is also faced with internal and external problems,such as the decline of demographic dividend,market dividend and international trade dividend,and the aggravation of energy and environmental problems.The development of China's automobile industry needs to find a new way.And strengthening technological innovation and improving innovation performance is the only way for the development of the automobile industry.The improvement of innovation performance,on the one hand,comes from its own innovation input,on the other hand,comes from "borrowed research and development",that is,knowledge spillover from other subjects.A review of the relevant literature at home and abroad shows that,there are still some deficiencies in the existing literature.First,in the research on knowledge spillover,scholars pay more attention to the influence of FDI knowledge spillover on the economic development,technological progress and innovation level of a certain region or industry,while the literature on the influence effect of intra-industry and inter-industry knowledge spillover is very scarce.Second,a large number of literature to emphasize on the influence of knowledge spillover effect and knowledge gap,there are also some scholars in the study of knowledge spillovers to introduce the concept of absorptive capacity,but the handling of absorptive capacity is coarser,only treat it as a moderate or intermediary factors.There are not many literatures deeply exploring the knowledge spillover effects at different levels of absorptive capacity.Thirdly,domestic literatures on relevant researches on China's automobile industry or enterprises mainly focus on two aspects: one is on innovation and performance evaluation;the other is mainly on the study of international knowledge spillover,especially the impact of FDI knowledge spillover on the development of automobile industry or enterprises.there are few literatures analyzing the influence of knowledge spillovers and absorptive capacity on the automobile industry.In addition,literature on the relationship between knowledge spillover,absorptive capacity and innovation performance of the automobile industry has not been retrieved,and there is a lack of comparison of knowledge spillover effects within the industry,between industries and internationally,as well as the practical performance of the three kinds of spillover effects in automobile enterprises of different natures.Based on such judgment,this paper believes that there are still the following problems to be further studied: Firstly,introducing intra-industry and inter-industry knowledge spillovers into research,compares the different effects of intra-industry,inter-industry and international knowledge spillovers,expands and enriches the traditional theoretical analysis framework of knowledge spillovers and absorptive capacity affecting innovation performance.Secondly,puts knowledge spillover and absorptive capacity into the same analytical framework,analyzing the impact of their combined effects on innovation performance,and discussing deeply knowledge spillover effects at different levels of absorptive capacity.Third,makes China's auto industry as the research object,analysis intra-industry,inter-industry and international knowledge spillover and the absorptive capacity on innovation performance,and consider corporate ownership,analysis and test the three relations in the performance of the state-owned,private and foreign auto enterprises.The research on these problems is the starting point of this dissertation.On the basis of concept definition and literature review,this dissertation studies intra-industry,inter-industry and international knowledge spillovers,and takes absorptive capacity,analysis the mechanism that intra-industry,inter-industry,international knowledge spillovers and absorptive capacity influence innovation performance.Then,by summarizing and referring to existing studies,analysis the linear and nonlinear effects of knowledge spillover level and absorptive capacity level on innovation performance.And then,considering the issue of ownership,the dissertation proposes and analyzes the impact of intra-industry,inter-industry and international knowledge spillover and absorptive capacity on innovation performance in state-owned,private and foreign-funded enterprises.Finally,based on the C-D production function of an enterprise,makes total factor productivity as the proxy variable of innovation performance,build a mathematical model for the impact of intra-industry,inter-industry and international knowledge spillover and absorptive capacity on innovation performance.In order to test the influence of intra-industry,inter-industry and international knowledge spillover and absorptive capacity on innovation performance,this dissertation adopts the data of Chinese industrial enterprises from 2005 to 2007,takes total factor productivity as the measurement of innovation performance,uses ACF method to calculate total factor productivity of automobile enterprises,and takes this as the dependent variable.Makes the intra-industry,inter-industry and international knowledge spillover which calculated based on the knowledge pool of economic geographical space weight,and absorptive capacity as independent variable,makes the enterprise scale,enterprise age and export level as control variables,to do empirical test.Under the condition that the common panel regression is not ideal,according to the theoretical analysis and the existing research,the threshold panel model is used again for the empirical test.Taking intra-industry,inter-industry,international knowledge spillover and absorptive capacity as threshold variables,empirical tests were carried out respectively.Considering the problem of heterogeneous enterprises,group tests were carried out in state-owned,private and foreign-funded automobile enterprises,and the main conclusions of this dissertation were obtained.Finally,the total factor productivity of Chinese automobile enterprises calculated by LP method is used as the dependent variable to do the robustness test,and the conclusions obtained support the main conclusions of this dissertation.According to the theoretical analysis and empirical test results of this dissertation,the main conclusions of the influence of knowledge spillover and absorptive capacity on innovation performance are as follows:For all automobile enterprises,firstly,intra-industry knowledge spillover has a single threshold effect,which promotes innovation performance.Inter-industry knowledge spillover and international knowledge spillover both have a double threshold effect,and the impact on innovation performance is U shaped.Secondly,the absorptive capacity of automobile enterprises also has a double threshold effect.When the absorptive capacity of automobile enterprises is at different levels,the influence of intra-industry and inter-industry knowledge spillovers on innovation performance changes in a U shaped,while international knowledge spillovers changes in a nonlinear piecewise way,and the main effect is negative.Thirdly,when the absorption capacity remains the same,only consider received different types of knowledge spillover,intra-knowledge spillover effects on innovation performance is the largest,the second is inter-industry,international knowledge spillover is the minimum and negative.Fourthly,when the level of knowledge spillovers remains unchanged,international knowledge spillovers have the largest impact on innovation performance,followed by inter-industry knowledge spillovers,and intra-industry knowledge spillovers have the smallest impact.Therefore,for all automobile enterprises,in order to improve innovation performance by absorbing external knowledge spillovers,on the one hand,they should ensure that the received intra-industry,inter-industry and international knowledge spillovers reach a certain level.On the other hand,they should also ensure that the ability to absorb intra-industry,inter-industry and international knowledge spillovers reaches a certain level.For state-owned automobile enterprise,firstly,there is no threshold effect of intra-industry and inter-industry knowledge spillover on innovation performance,but a linear positive effect,international knowledge spillover has double threshold effect and is mainly negative.Secondly,the moderating effect of absorptive capacity on innovation performance is nonlinear.When the absorptive capacity is at different levels,the influence of intra-industry knowledge spillover on innovation performance is U shaped,while the influence of inter-industry and international knowledge spillover is segmented.Thirdly,when the absorption capacity remains the same,inter-knowledge spillover effects on innovation performance is the largest,the second is intra-industry,international knowledge spillover is the minimum and negative.Fourthly,when the level of knowledge spillovers remains unchanged,intra-industry knowledge spillovers have the largest impact on innovation performance,followed by international knowledge spillovers,and inter-industry knowledge spillovers have the smallest impact.Therefore,for state-owned automobile enterprises,to improve innovation performance by absorbing external knowledge spillovers,on the one hand,they should ensure that the received intra-industry,inter-industry and international knowledge spillovers reach a certain level.On the other hand,they should control the ability to absorb intra-industry,inter-industry and international knowledge spillovers within a certain range.In addition,international knowledge spillovers need to be viewed with caution.For private automobile enterprises,Firstly,there is no threshold effect of intra-industry and inter-industry knowledge spillover on innovation performance,and a double threshold effect in international knowledge spillover,which is U shaped.Secondly,the moderating effect of absorptive capacity on the innovation performance of intra-industry knowledge spillovers is non-linear,and the moderating effect on inter-industry and international knowledge spillovers is not significant.Thirdly,when the absorption capacity remains the same,intra-knowledge spillover effects on innovation performance is the largest,the second is inter-industry,international knowledge spillover is the minimum.Fourthly,when the level of knowledge spillovers remains unchanged,only intra-industry knowledge spillovers have impact on innovation performance,inter-industry and international knowledge spillovers have no impact.Therefore,for private automobile enterprises,to improve innovation performance by absorbing external knowledge spillovers,on the one hand,they should ensure that the received intra-industry,inter-industry and international knowledge spillovers reach a certain level.On the other hand,they should fully improve the ability to absorb knowledge spillovers within the industry.For foreign automobile enterprises,Firstly,the effect of intra-industry and international knowledge spillover on innovation performance has threshold effect,which is segmented.There is no threshold effect of intra-industry knowledge spillover on innovation performance,but a linear positive effect.Secondly,the moderating effect of absorptive capacity on innovation performance of intra-industry and inter-industry knowledge spillovers is non-linear,and the moderating effect on international knowledge spillovers is not significant.Thirdly,when the absorption capacity remains the same,inter-knowledge spillover effects on innovation performance is the largest,the second is intra-industry,international knowledge spillover is the minimum.Fourthly,when the level of knowledge spillovers remains unchanged,intra-industry knowledge spillovers have the largest impact on innovation performance,and then the inter-industry,but international knowledge spillovers have no impact.Therefore,for foreign automobile enterprises,if they want to improve their innovation performance by absorbing external knowledge spillovers,on the one hand,they should ensure that the received intra-industry knowledge spillovers reach a certain level,and control the international knowledge spillover within a certain range.On the other hand,different types of external knowledge should be matched with different levels of absorptive capacity.By comparing the elasticity of total factor productivity to intra-industry,inter-industry and international knowledge spillovers,and the parameter estimation values of three types of knowledge spillovers and absorptive capacity that jointly affect innovation performance,we can know that the effect of intra-industry and inter-industry knowledge spillover on the innovation performance of Chinese automobile enterprises is greater than that of international knowledge spillover.This study provides data support for the correct understanding of "market for technology",and points out a new direction for the development of China's automobile industry: while absorbing international knowledge spillovers,we should also pay enough attention to domestic knowledge spillovers,and strengthen the cultivation of absorbing ability matching with domestic knowledge.Details include: For knowledge spillovers,the concept should be updated,the concept of "spillover benefits" should be established,and cross-border mergers and acquisitions should be encouraged to expand the influence of enterprises.For knowledge recipients,they should increase their knowledge reserves,expand their knowledge diversity and strengthen their ability to absorb knowledge.They should also enhance their capacity for independent innovation and learn from the experience of developing countries.For the government,the existing interest compensation mechanism should be improved to make up for the losses of the spillover party;Remove obstacles,smooth channels and promote knowledge overflow;Establish knowledge exchange platform and form knowledge overflow network effect;Strengthen the integration of resources and increase the support for independent brand research and development.The innovation of this dissertation is mainly displays in: firstly pay attention to intra-industry,inter-industry spillover,building the theoretical analysis framework of intra-industry,inter-industry,international knowledge spillover and absorptive capacity influence innovation performance,expand and enrich the traditional knowledge theory analysis framework.Secondly,investigate deeply the linear and nonlinear relationship between knowledge spillover,absorptive capacity and innovation performance,analysis and teste the influence of knowledge spillover and absorptive capacity at different levels on innovation performance,which further refined the existing relationship between knowledge spillover,absorptive capacity and innovation performance.Thirdly,through the empirical test at the enterprise level and the elasticity analysis at the industry level,compares and analyzes the different effects of intra-industry,inter-industry and international knowledge spillover on innovation performance,and get the conclusion that the influence of intra-industry and inter-industry knowledge spillover on innovation performance of China's automobile industry is greater than that of international knowledge spillover.It not only provides data support for the reasonable judgment of "market for technology" strategy,but also points out a new direction for the development of China's automobile industry.Fourthly,different effects of intra-industry,inter-industry and international knowledge spillover and absorptive capacity on innovation performance of state-owned,private and foreign-funded automobile enterprises are tested for the first time,and some new conclusions are obtained.The more the private and foreign automobile enterprises receive the intra-industry and international knowledge spillovers,the more beneficial the innovation performance will be.The stronger the absorptive capacity is,the better the innovation performance will be.However,state-owned automobile enterprises do not have the same attitude towards knowledge spillovers,especially international knowledge spillovers.For state-owned automobile enterprises,the more international knowledge spillovers they have,the stronger their ability to absorb knowledge,and the worse their innovation performance will be.Based on this,it is suggested that the state-owned automobile enterprises should be cautious about international knowledge spillover and control their absorptive capacity within a reasonable range.Fifthly,existing studies have focused on the effect of knowledge spillover on absorptive capacity,but few have paid attention to the effect of knowledge spillover on absorptive capacity.It can be said that previous studies lack static analysis of feedback mechanism.This dissertation proposes and tests the idea that "knowledge spillover and absorptive capacity have mutual influence and mutual promotion". |
PDF Full Text Request