| The research on new energy automobile(EA)should be traced back to the reflection on the damage to environment and exhaustion to resources brought by the heavy chemical industry system.With the rise of the new industrial revolution,the technology of new EA replacing the traditional fuel automobile is gradually mature and has been commercialized;meanwhile,the related research of EA is gradually abundant.As a Hong Kong native,I deeply felt that relevant research regarding new EA needs further study when I have witnessed the repeated policies and fluctuate market of new EA in China and abroad.Particularly,as a primary household consumer goods of modern means of transportation,automobile has become a new favorite of China’s consumer market,and the new EA industry is booming under the promotion of national policies,while forming a highly concentrated production base in many places along the eastern coast.At the same time,the traditional fuel automobile has not only the market trust of mature technology,but also the insistence of superior production capacity.Therefore,this paper is mainly to discuss what the development of new energy vehicle(EV)industry is and whether or not its spatial distribution has certain rules to follow.The existing research on new EV industry can be summarized in the following areas: first of all,the research on the relationship between new EA and its sustainable development.Secondly,the research on the development of new EA industry and its related technologies.Thirdly,the research on policy incentives and consumption support.Lastly,the research on characteristics of new EA consumption market.In a word,the existing research has not yet focused on the spatial distribution,and the relevant data are mostly sorted out but lack of further summary.The development of new EA industry in China can be divided into four phases.The first one is the technical verification and demonstration period from 2003 to 2008.The second phase is the first phase of the plan ‘ten cities and one thousand vehicles’ from 2009 to 2012.The third phase is the second phase of the plan ‘ten cities and one thousand vehicles’ from 2013 to 2015.The fourth stage is the rapid development stage of China’s new EA since 2016.In 2018,the annual sales volume of new EA has reached 1,256,000,16.8 times of the year of 2014.The market share of new EA reached 2.2% in 2017,55 times of the year of 2011.Production,sales volume and market share rank the first in the world.Also,there are other remarkable achievements in the fields of power battery,electric motor,charging pile and vehicle technology in China,and certainly there are still many technical difficulties to be solved.To some extent,the spatial distribution of China’s new EA industry follows the traditional fuel automobile production base in the past,however,there are great differences between them.For instance,there is only one new EV production base in Jilin Province in the northeast China.Meanwhile,the production base of new EA shows an obvious trend of concentration,particularly in the east,south and southwest China.Among them,Shandong has 23 new EV production bases,which makes it rank the first nationwide.There are 42 enterprises in central and south China,mainly in Henan,Hubei,Guangdong and other provinces.There are 12 in the northwest,especially in Shanxi,Gansu and other provinces.There are 31 in southwest China,including 14 in Sichuan.From the provincial level,it is mainly concentrated in four provinces of Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Anhui and Shandong in east China,Hubei Province in central China,Guangdong Province in south China,Shanxi Province in northwest China and Chongqing in southwest China.There are four primary factors that affect the spatial distribution of new EA,include R&D and manufacturing basis,overflowing technology and knowledge,policy and regional economy,and proximity of consumer market.From the perspective of R&D and manufacturing basis,regions with traditional fuel automobile have better human capital accumulation,industrial support in R&D capital and technology,and a complete supporting industrial chain,which is conducive to the control of the enterprise’s own supply chain and cost control.From the perspective of overflowing technology and knowledge,it has played a positive role in strengthening the agglomeration of new EA industry.For EA,it has a higher requirement for all kinds of manufacturing and information technology.The mutual learning among professional and technical personnel,enterprise management personnel,and the technical research and development support of local universities and scientific research institutes together play a more prominent role.From the perspective of policy and regional economy,the new EA industry is a technology intensive industry,which means that forward-looking industrial policy guidance is essential and agglomeration in specific areas is greatly affected by the local government’s support policies on land preference,tax preference and market access.From the perspective of consumer market proximity,the reality of regional market segmentation enables new energy vehicle manufacturers to actively choose the region where the main consumer market is located,and these regions are mainly areas with relatively developed economic level.Their local finance has enough funds to invest in public facilities such as roads and charging piles.In addition,the local climate and terrain will also affect the sales of new energy automobile in the region.The northeast and west regions with complex topography and changeable climate often do not have the location advantage of agglomeration development.Through econometric analysis,we discover that the number of industrial enterprises above designated size,the average R&D expenditure of industrial enterprises above designated size,and the number of relevant policies all play a positive role in strengthening the new energy industry cluster,and the number of Industrial Enterprises above Designated Size plays a decisive role,as well as the higher per capita vehicle ownership and per capita disposable income of residents.From the perspective of the development direction of new EA,this paper aims to demonstrate the development of China’s new EV industry in terms of market scale,policy trend,technology trend and etc.It is found that China’s current fuel policy is not conducive to the promotion of new EA,which weakens the economy of new EA.It is predicted that from 2020 to 2025,the number of new energy automobile in China will reach 8.2 million and 39.4 million respectively.The huge market scale of new EA will lead a golden period of development of the charging pile,photovoltaic and wind power industries.Combined with the judgment of the current new energy vehicle market,China’s new energy vehicle policy will tend to optimize the industrial structure and ensure the high-quality development of the industry for a period of time in the future,and the single technology path is replaced by multiple parallel development models.The subsidy policy continues to implement the ‘recession mechanism’,and after a certain period,the subsidy policy will fully exit.Finally,it believes that the development of China’s new EA industry is full of necessities and opportunities,which can not only promote the transformation and upgrade China’s automobile industry,but also cultivate new growth points for China’s economy.In an effort to better realize the benign development of China’s new EV industry,I have several suggestions as below: firstly,increasing the market demands by innovating and promoting the new EV.Secondly,learning from international experiences to improve China’s new EV industry policy.Thirdly,strengthening the training and introduction of top notch talents in the new EV industry.Fourthly,reasonably optimizing the industrial layout and cultivate new regional economy.Lastly,improving the construction of supporting industry and post sales guarantee solid waste recovery mechanism. |
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