Research On The Behavior Of Operators Under Continuous And Rapid Change Of The Operation Task

In order to meet the needs of supply-side reform of China's electric power industry,it is necessary for the market economy to participate in the peak-shaving of the power grid.When the nuclear power plants participate in the peak-shaving of the power grid,the operation task requirements of the power plant system change,so that the work requirements,working characteristics and behavior patterns of the operators change.The operation tasks are complicated,and the time window for performing the operation tasks is reduced.In order to maintain the stability of the power plant system and achieve the safe and stable operation,the operator needs to monitor the multi-objective and multi-parameter of the power plant system by performing a series of continuous and fast changing operation tasks in a short time.In the process of carrying out these operation tasks,team cooperation needs more attention,and the shift leader need to make the correct operation plan in time according to the actual needs of the task.These changes lead to transformation in the cognitive,psychological and physical load of the operators.The existing methods of human reliability analysis(HRA)emphasize quantitative analysis rather than qualitative analysis.Theacquisition of human error probability due to lack of data needs experts evaluating.The lack of research on the interaction between situational environmental factors leads to insufficient consideration of the correlation between performance shaping factors.The influence of performance shaping factors(PSFs)on human reliability is not fully considered.And the operation of peak-shaving task is different from the existing task operation,which makes the existing HRA methods not fully applicable to this background.Therefore,based on the importance of the problem,in order to improve the existing HRA methods,in this paper,the behavior of the operator who works in the digital nuclear power plant's main control room under the constant and rapid change of power is studied,to explore the operational behavior characteristics and error mechanism of operators under the background of continuous and rapid changes of operators,establish the error causality model of operators in the main control room of digital nuclear power plant under continuous rapid change of operation task.The following research work will be focused on:(1)Analyze and distinguish the cognitive behavior and fault mechanism of the operator in the nuclear power plant under the background of the continuous rapid change of the control task:1)Use the knowledge of cognitive psychology,human factors and behavioral science,the literature investigation,the operator interview,the on-site observation and the simulation experiment to identify the operator's cognitive behavior characteristics under the transient operating conditions of the nuclear power plant;2)The cognitive behavior characteristics of operators,including cognitive process,cognitive elements and cognitive types,are identified.(2)Determine the PSF set affecting the operator's cognitive behavioral error:1)Utilize the operation experience feedback platform of the world nuclear power operator association and the operation experience feedback platform of the national nuclear safety agency,widely collect the event reports of the transient working conditions such as the step lifting load of the nuclear power plants at home and abroad,and find out reports related to cognitive behavior errors of operators;2)Collect the research reports from the IAEA,the NRC,the EPRI,the INPO,the KAEI,and so on;3)Analyze the collected data by the data analysis processing method such as the correlation analysis,the principal component analysis and the factor analysis,and identify the PSF related to the operator's cognitive behavioral error under the background of the(1)work;(3)Construct the PSF set in the error causality model: the continuous and rapid change of the control task brings the continuous high intensity workload to the operator,and this kind of task has the characteristics of complex control task,high error rate and serious consequences,which changes the PSF affecting the reliability of theoperator's behavior.Therefore,in order to accurately identify these PSF,work,build the PSF set that influences the operator's operation behavior on the basis of the documents and the incident reports.(4)The causality model of job behavior error based on "FCM(fuzzy cognitive graph)and BBN(PSF network model)" : after determining the PSF set that affects the operator's job behavior error,the factors in PSF set are analyzed by factor analysis and correlation analysis,and the causality between influencing factors and job behavior error is identified.SPSS is used to analyze the sensitivity of the PSF.On the basis of expert judgment,the factors with high correlation with the operator's behavior are selected as the variables in the error causality model.The causality model of "FCM BBN" is constructed.Firstly,the prior probability of root node variables is obtained through the statistical analysis of the collected human factor event report data.Secondly,combined with the human factor engineering laboratory simulation experiment and nuclear power plant simulator experiment,the influence of parent node on child node variable is evaluated by FCM,and the conditional probability distribution of child node variable is obtained by statistical analysis.Finally,a more robust data-driven causality model of operator behavior failure is established based on BBN.The fault causality model established in this paper can supplement and perfect the shortcomings of the existing HRA system,provide guidance for the human error analysis and human error prevention of operators under transient conditions in nuclear power plants,provide theoretical support for the operation selection and decision-making of operators and control teams in the process of peak shaving,and will provide theoretical support for the training and assessment of operators in nuclear power plants and the reliability design of man-machine interface.And people make positive contributions in the field of accident prevention,which can further help to improve the safety level of nuclear power plants and provide technical support for nuclear power plants to participate in peak shaving smoothly.The research results have important theoretical significance and practical value,and can be widely used in complex systems with similar mission characteristics,such as nuclear-powered aircraft carrier,nuclear submarine,small nuclear reactor and so on.