Innovation Of Business Mode Of Public Transit Service During The Process Of A Rapid Urbanization

Urban transit is a public welfare transportation service system.Its transit network covering the entire urban area provides convenient,fast and low cost travel services for the citizen.Due to the low resource occupancy rate per unit of traffic,urban transit has the role of alleviating road congestion,reducing environmental pollution,and even leading the development of the city and its economic industry to a large extent.However,in China,where urbanization and motorization overlap,the urbanization process has developed rapidly in the past 30 years.The urban area has expanded and expanded,and the development and operation of urban transit are facing severe challenges.On the one hand,the sprawl of urban area requires that the coverage area of urban transit can be followed up in a timely and effective manner.In order to meet the diversified travel needs of a large range,the bus operating costs continue to rise.On the other hand,as a public welfare undertaking in the city,the bus fares that are regulated by the government cannot change based on the cost-price principle,resulting in continuous losses for bus companies.In order to maintain the normal operation of urban transit companies,the government mostly uses financial subsidies to reduce their deficits.However,with the increase in deficits,the amount of government subsidies continues to increase.Due to the increasing financial burden,government's funding subsidies cannot be released or cannot be released in time.Thus,it is necessary to innovate the transit services operation model,enrich the business form of transit services,increase the operating income of urban transit companies,reduce the government's subsidies for urban transit,and realize the sustainable development of urban transit.In this circumstance,this study has done researhes as follows:First,a new bus operation model that dynamically responds to travel needs is proposed for post-urbanized areas with sparse bus demand.Based on the dynamic changes of bus travel demand and the willingness to pay of passengers in over-sparse areas,a mixed integer programming model is constructed to optimize bus schedules and dynamic fare formulation.To solve the model and complete numerical analysis,a genetic algorithm is designed.The calculation results of actual case study show that compared with the ordinary bus operation model,the new response bus operation model can improve the operator's profit,reduce the total travel cost of passengers,improve the level of public transport services in post-urbanized areas,and promote the sustainable development of public transport operations in areas with over-sparse demand.Second,for the central urban area with dense bus routes,a new urban distribution model in which bus companies and courier companies collaborate is proposed.Based on the spatial distribution of first and last bus stations,the departure frequency,the spatial distribution of parcel delivery demands and time window requirements,the cost and capacity of trucks,etc.,a mixed integer programming model is constructed to optimize the parcel delivery scheme for collaborative delivery by buses and trucks,including the transportation vehicle selected by parcels,the departure time and transportation route,and the operation plan of trucks.In order to use the model for numerical verification,an ant colony solving algorithm is designed.Using the actual data of Dalian City to carry out a case analysis,taking the delivery to 97 demand points as an example to solve the distribution plan of collaborative delivery and truck-only delivery.By comparing the differences between the two schemes,the effectiveness and practicability of the collaborative delivery model are verified.Through sensitivity analysis,determine the fluctuation of the revenue of the bus company when the unit price of bus distribution is different.Finally,based on the difficulties faced by bus station selection in the process of urbanization,a new station construction and operation model of bus station location and co-development of the bus station and surrounding land was proposed.Based on the bus entrance behavior,bus routes extension decision,land commercial development benefits,and residents'residential location and consumption behavior,a transit-oriented development bus station location model and a government-led bus station location model were constructed.The spatial location and scale of bus stations,bus routes opening and extension plans,land prices after land development,and additional benefits for bus operators and the government under the two types of station location models are solved.Using the actual data of Dalian City to carry out case studies.The calculation results show that transit-oriented bus station construction and operation model can increase the city's land financial revenue and transit operator's income,improve the traffic accessibility of the remote areas,and improve the population density of some urban areas.The integrated development of the bus station and the surrounding land are conducive to optimizing the urban land use pattern and changing the urban structure from a single center to a multi-center.The above studies have respectively carried out innovations in the economic business model,operation business model and strategic business model of bus operations.It will help bus operators diversify business models,increase operating income,and help the city government obtain additional land financial revenue and reduce financial subsidies for urban transit.It helps to improve citizens' public transit quality,and can also promote the sustainable development of the urban transit industry and the entire city.The research results have laid the theoretical foundation for dynamic bus departure intervals and floating fares,provided a theoretical basis for collaborative delivery of buses and trucks,enriched the theoretical methods of bus station location and operation,and theoretically expanded market scope and operating model of urban transit services.