Influence Of Indoor And Outdoor Thermal Environment On Thermal Comfort And Adaptation In Severe Cold Area

With the increasing comfort demand for indoor environment and the consideration of reducing building energy consumption,human thermal comfort and thermal adaptation have become a popular topics in recent years.Thermal comfort is the most direct subjective thermal response of the human body to the built environment.It is also the most critical determinant of post-construction evaluation.In the severe cold regions of China,the winter is long and cold,resulting in colossal heating energy consumption.Therefore,to create a comfortable indoor environment satisfying human thermal requirements and decreasing enrrgy consumption,through laboratory research and on-site research,this paper discusses the effects of indoor and outdoor climate on human comfort from the perspectives of physiological,psychological,and behavioral regulation.This paper has carried out the following research work:First,due to a half-year winter in severe cold area,the outdoor temperature fluctuates greatly.According to outdoor climate,the heating period is divided into several phases.On-site investigations were carried out on four different types of buildings in Harbin's residential,office buildings,university dormitory and classrooms in different heating stages in the same year,and the indoor thermal environment and human thermal response were obtained simutaneously.The regularity of human thermal response with environmental parameters was studied,and thermal comfort evaluation models of various buildings in different heating stages were established.It was found that the thermal neutral temperature in office buildings and classrooms was about 2?3 °C lower than the thermal neutral temperature in residence and dormitories.Secondly,an experiment was conducted under different outdoor climates of the same subjects.Through laboratory research,the human physiological and psychological responses at different stages(outdoor temperature changes)while indoor temperature was constant were analyzed and compared.It was found that the changes of human physiological parameters and psychological responses in different stages of the cold region(the outdoor temperature changes)while the indoor temperature does not change.At the same time,the laboratory and field study results were compared to examine the impact of conscious control on human thermal comfort.It was found that the effect of conscious control on human thermal sensation has a positive effect.Thirdly,a detailed analysis of ordinary residential data was conducted,focusing on overheating in residence and studying the thermal comfort and thermal adaptability of the human body in a hot environment.A comparison with the past residential thermal comfort survey was analyzed to explore reasonable indoor temperature.Adaptive models for different heating stages were established and differences in thermal adaptability between different age groups were explored.Forthly,a field survey was conducted to study the thermal environment and human comfort in ultra-low-energy buildings.The thermal environment and human comfort in winter and summer in ultra-low-energy buildings were studied.The influence of seasons on human thermal comfort and thermal adaptation was explored.It was found that the comfortable neutral temperature in winter is 1.8 °C higher than the thermal neutral temperature.The radiant heating thermal environment and radiant heat transfer performance of floor slabs,and the regulation rules of room temperature were studied,and a mathematical model of the functional relationship between heat supply and floor surface temperature was establied.It was found that the radiation heat transfer ratio of the ceiling radiation and the change rule between the total heat flux density and the surface temperature of the ceiling(or water supply temperature).It was found that the temperature difference between head and ankle was small,satisfying thermal comfort requirements.Finally,based on long-term follow-up survey data,an adaptive model for the heating period in severe cold regions was established,revealing the relationship between neutral temperature and indoor and outdoor temperatures,and studying thermal adaptation time.It was found that there is a time delay of 2 to 3 weeks between the thermal neutral temperature and the indoor air temperature.For individualized control needs.A thermal comfort model was established with the thermal sensation as the characteristic variable and the air temperature,operative temperature,relative humidity and clothing thermal resistance as the characteristic variables.In general,through field surveys,experimental studies,and data mining,this article studies the effects of indoor and outdoor climate on human thermal comfort and thermal adaptation in severe cold regions.Thermal comfort evaluation models for different types of buildings in different heating stages were established,and the physiological and psychological response of the human body at different stages were obtained,and the human body adaptability models at different heating stages were established,revealing the differences in the thermal adaptability of people of different ages.