Study On Characteristics And Suitable Region Distributions For Toona Ciliata And Congenerics

Based on the quantitative classification method,the classification characteristics,main reproductive phenology of Toona ciliata’s congeneric(T.ciliata var.pubescens,T.ciliata var.yunnanensis,T.ciliata var.ciliata,T.ciliata var.henryi and T.sureni)were clarified in this paper.And the anatomical structure,chemical composition,physical and mechanical properties of their wood,and phylogenetic tree were systematically studied.Finally,based on the Man Ent ecological niche model,the habitat of each species were discussed,and suitable regions of cultivation high quality artificial forest and environmental conditions for congenerics of Toona ciliata were regionalizated.The main results are as follows.(1)The size,texture,lenticellate of capsule and the pilose/glabrescent of leaflet,as well as lenticellate of rachis were obvious distinction between T.sureni and T.ciliata.Individually,the taxonomic classification of T.sureni were: the leaflet glabrescent,the base of the rachis have obviously white lenticellate,capsule are bigger(2.7-3.5 cm×1.2-1.8 cm,after air drying are dark)and wood,simultaneously,there have obviously white lenticellate on surface.On the contrary,the taxonomic classification of T.ciliata were the leaflet pilose(at least in axillaris),capsule are smaller(1.1-2.5 cm×0.6-1.0 cm,after air drying are reddish)and paper,simultaneously,there were not obviously white lenticellate on surface.The taxonomic characteristic in variants of T.ciliata are not the size,the texture of capsule,but the leaflet pilose,morphology of last pair leaflet,leaflet base form.And the heart wood of T.ciliata var.henryi is the darkest color,which is dark purple.(2)The reproductive phenology of the T.ciliata’s varieties overlaped in Yunnan,with the flowering in April to May,fruiting in May to June,and capsule maturity in June to July.But T.sureni’s were later than T.ciliata’s varieties,with the flowering in June,fruiting in July,capsule maturity in November.The differences of reproductive phenology wwere an important characteristics to distinguish T.sureni and T.ciliata.In the fact,T.ciliata var.pubescens and T.ciliata var.ciliata are distributed in Jinsha river valley area of yunnan province reach 25.8°N,and can blossom and bear fruit normally.According to the theory of blossom and bear at low altitude and low altitude are earlier to high altitude and high altitude,the reproductive phenology of T.ciliata’s varieties in South of 25.8°N are earlier to Yunnan,at least in the same period.(3)The T.ciliata(varieties)are diffuse-porous wood,with stronger smell of Toonanin.However the T.sureni are ring-porous wood,with slight smell of Toonanin.Resin canal,red resin and wood texture interlacing were the main anatomical features of T.ciliata var.henryi,which are obviously different to T.sureni and other varieties in T.ciliata.The color of the heartwood and the width of the edge are different from each other.The density of wood from high to low are T.ciliata var.henryi(0.71 g·cm-3),T.ciliata var.pubescens(0.61 g·cm-3),T.ciliata var.yunnanensis(0.59 g·cm-3),T.ciliata var.ciliata(0.57 g·cm-3),T.surenus(0.49 g·cm-3),all of which belongs to slower dense wood.Corresponding to wood dense rank of aforementioned,the wood shrinkage rate are 3.06 %,4.10 %,4.86 %,5.18 %,5.21 %,respectively,and ranking in the first-one classification.And the comprehensive mechanical strength of wood are 122.68 MPa,104.07 MPa,97.86 MPa,89.08 MPa,84.8 MPa,respectively,they are belongs to the lower strength wood,only used as non-stress component,such as furniture,musical instruments,decorative materials.And the heart wood of T.ciliata var.henryi are the darkest of all,exhibting the colour of dark purple.(4)The results of the phylogenetic tree between T.ciliata(varieties),T.sureni and T.sinensis based on the dd RAD shown,the relationships between the T.sureni and T.sinensis are close,and the relationships among the four varieties of T.ciliata are close.However,there are obvious differences among the varieties of T.ciliata,which support the classification of the species of T.ciliata’s varieties.In the varieties of the T.ciliata’s,the relationship between T.ciliata var.henryi and the T.ciliata var.ciliata is the most recent,which is far from the relationship with T.ciliata var.pubescens,and the most distant relation with T.ciliata var.yunnanensis.Based on the results of phylogenetic tree and the classification characteristics,the leaf axis glabrous and pilosity in the vein of leaflets only are group of T.ciliata var.henryi and the T.ciliata var.ciliata,in which,the basis form of last pair of leaflets are roundness in one side,cuneate in another,and equal on boet sides are T.ciliata var.ciliata,the basis form of last pair of leaflets are roundness in one side,cuneate in another,and not equal on boet sides are T.ciliata var.henryi.The leaf axis pilosity and pilosity on boet sides of leaflets are group of T.ciliata var.pubescens and the T.ciliata var.yunnanensis,in which,the basis form of last pair of leaflets are roundness in voth side,and minimum are T.ciliata var.yunnanensis,the basis form of last pair of leaflets are oval and not minimum are T.ciliata var.pubescens.(5)Based on the Man Ent model,the environment conditions and suitable for large-scale development highly quality artificial cultivation areas were obtained,for each species.The area,and the environment conditions,included annual mean temperature,min temperature of the coldest month,annual average precipitation and precipitation of the driest quarter,altitude for species were calculated.T.sureni(west of Dehong,west-north of Nujiang,>10℃,>-7℃,>1 500 mm,28-67 mm,1 580-2 100 m).T.ciliata var.pubescens(north of Dehong and Baoshan in the Nujiang river valley,and west of Dali in Landcang river watershed,>17℃,3-10℃,>1 000 mm,>40 mm、<1 850 m).T.ciliata var.yunnanens(west of Dehong and Lincang,>12℃,0-16℃,>1 300 mm,>30 mm,>1 820m).T.ciliata var.ciliata(Xishuangbanna,Puer,Lincang,Dehong,Baoshan,Jinshajiang River valley(Dali,Lijiang,Chuxiong,Kunming,Qujing,Zhaotong),the pearl river basin(Qujing,Wenshan),>15℃,0-15℃,>850 mm,>68 mm,>2 000 m).T.ciliata var.henryi(Puer and Lincang,>13℃,0-15℃,980-1 300 mm,40-58 mm,1 090-1 280 m).The reproductive phenology overlap with each other in T.ciliata’s varieties,all of which are obviously difference to T.sureni.The results of quantitative classification,main component clustering of wood,phylogenetic tree and suitable regions of cultivation high quality artificial forest and environmental conditions for the congenerics of T.ciliata were very different,which support the classification of the varieties of Toona ciliata.Therefore,the principle of suitable variety must be used in high quality artificial forest cultivation process,from now on time.The wood of T.ciliata var.henryi was optimum,with highly density,dark purple,interlocked grain,out of the others in Toona.It was also worthy of key development spices.We strong recommended it ought be list in the rare and endangered plants in China and Puer and Lincang are designated as core reserves,based on its natural distribution and suitable for large-scale development highly quality artificial cultivation areas only in this two regions.