| In order to obtain the triticale genotype with strong photosynthesis and high nitrogen utilization rate,high production performance and nutritive value and determine its cultivation conditions and adaptability,6 triticale genotypes?C17?C19?C22?C24?C31?Shida No.1?were used in this study,photosynthesis and nitrogen utilization rate of the above genotypes were studied from 2016 to 2017,in the meantime,the forage production and adaptability of the triticale genotype with strong photosynthesis and high nitrogen utilization rate were also studied using several analysis methods including the variance,principal components analysis,subordinate function,and GGE-biplot et al.Main results were as follows,1.Photosynthesis of triticale lines C31 and C19 were better than that of the other genotypes.Along with the development of triticale,parameters related to the photosynthesis?except for the stomata limit value?increased firstly and then decreased,but the highest values various;change tendency of the stomata limit value was opposite and the smallest value was obtained at the heading stage.The maximal LAI value of was located 54 days after seeding.LAI was positively correlated with the hay yield,number of branches and CP content,and it was negatively correlated with the digestibility.Comprehensive evaluation which based on the principal component analysis showed that the organic matter accumulation and susceptibility of rust had significant influence on the photosynthetic performance of forage-type triticale.2.The total nitrogen content in the roots,stems,leaves and Inflorescences of triticale decreased from the tillering to flowering stage,but the dry matter yield and nitrogen yield increased.The ratio of nitrogen distribution in different organs of triticale was leaf>stem>root from the tillering stage to booting stage,this ratio was leaf>stem>Inflorescences>root from the heading stage to flowering stage.Among 6 triticale germplasms tested,C31 and C19had high nitrogen utilization rate.Booting stage was the most important factor to affect the nitrogen production and distribution for the forage-type triticale,followed by the nitrogen utilization efficiency and the nitrogen production level of roots at the flowering stage.3.?1?The hay yield of C31(15514.92 kg·hm-2)was significantly higher than other germplasms,and the hay yield of C24(11270.50 kg·hm-2)was significantly lower than other germplasms;the plant height of Shida No.1?152 cm?was significantly higher than other germplasms.The number of branches in C31(7.45 million·hm-2)was the highest.It was significantly higher than that of other germplasms except for C17(6.81million·hm-2); According to the comparison of the nutritional quality of triticale germplasm,The CP content?12.36%?of C24 was significantly higher than other germplasms,The content of NDF ?55.38%?of C24 was the lowest,and there was no significant difference with C22,which was significantly lower than other germplasm.The content of ADF?36.20%?of C24 was the lowest,which was significantly lower than C17 and C19.The DMD content of C24?63.08%?was significantly higher than other germplasms.?2?New triticale line C31 was suitable to be planted in the experimental sites of Hezuo?Alpine meadow and wetland ecosystem positioning research station,Lanzhou University?and Lanzhou?pasture experimental site,Gansu Agricultural University?of Gansu province,C17 could obtain high forge yield at the Hezuo and it was good for the C19 cultivated at the Lanzhou.For the triticale variety Shida No.1 and line C22,the forage production and comprehensive evaluation value based on the nutrition quality of was both low,so they were not suitable to be cultivated at the Hezuo and Lanzhou of Gansu province.4.In order to identify the optimal cultivation conditions for forage triticale?Triticale wittmack?line C31,the effects of plant density,nitrogen fertilizer rate,and rainfall on hay yield and nutritional quality of triticale line C31 grown for forage,were studied.A regression prediction model for hay yield and nutritional quality of triticale line C31 was established based on the response surface method,which included 3 factors?plant density,nitrogen fertilizer rate,rainfall?and 5 levels.Key results were:?1?The 3 factors?plant density,nitrogen fertilizing rate,rainfall?all significantly affected the hay yield and nutritional quality of forage triticale?P<0.05?.The interaction between rainfall and nitrogen fertilizer rate was significant for hay yield?P<0.05?,while the interaction between rainfall and triticale plant density was significant for triticale nutritional quality?P<0.05?.?2?In the multiple quadratic regression analysis,all 3 factors were shown to have highly significant effects on hay yield and nutritional quality of triticale?P<0.01?.?3?Forage triticale line C31 was found to be suitable for growing in Hezuo,where the rainfall varied from 318 mm to 325 mm during the growth period of triticale.?4?Triticale line C31 was predicted to have the highest hay yield and nutritional quality when the rainfall was 322.07mm during the growth period of triticale.At this predicted optimum rainfall,the nitrogen fertilizer rate indicated by the model was 289.17 kg N·hm-2,and modelled optimal plant density of triticale was 5.79 million seedlings·hm-2.Under these conditions the model predicted hay yield and forage digestibility of 16732.50 kg·hm-22 and 0.71,respectively.This study demonstrates a simple and effective method for evaluating the hay yield and nutritional quality of triticale germplasm under different growing conditions and suitable planting locations.5.In order to screen the suitable triticale genotypes and best area for cultivate triticale,hay yields,nutrition values?contents of crude protein,neutral detergent fiber,and acid detergent fiber?,and dry matter digestibility of 4 triticale genotypes?new triticale lines P2 and P4,triticale varies Shida No.1 and Zhongsi 1048?at the flowering stage were studied in 6experimental sites?Lintao,Maqu,Xiahe,Hezuo,county of Mati and Kangle in Sunan?of Gansu province from 2014 to 2015.Among 6 sites,triticale genotypes cultivated in Lintao could be irrigated,but for other sites,the development of triticale depended on the rainfall.Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance,membership function and GGE?within genotypes and the interaction between the genotype and environment?biplot.Main results were as follows,?1?Among 4 triticale genotypes,P2 had the highest hay yield(12831.74kg·hm-2)and nutritional evaluation value?0.67?,which had broad extension prospects in Lintao and Maqu;P4 obtained higher hay yield(10764.78 kg·hm-2)and nutritional evaluation value?0.5?than that of the two controls,Shida No.1 and Zhongsi 1048;Triticale varieties,Shida No.1 and Zhongsi 1048,were not suitable to be planted in 6 sites due to their poor productivity or nutritional evaluation values.?2?Among 6 sites,Lintao obtained high hay yield(14127.92 kg·hm-2)and best nutritional evaluation value?0.51?,Maqu also had high hay yield(14072.19 kg·hm-2)and nutritional evaluation value?0.50?,Mati in Sunan also had high hay yield(14230.00kg·hm-2)and nutritional evaluation value?0.47?,and for the other sites,triticale did not have good performance;Lintao and Maqu were the ideal region to cultivate triticale while considering the hay yields and nutrition quality of 6 experimental sites.This study would provide simple and effective method for evaluating hay yield,nutrition quality and suitable sown area of triticale genotypes,and it would also offer the theory basis of genotype identification and extension of triticale. |
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