| Agriculture is not only a basic industry of a country,but also a weak industry of a country.Therefore,in order to achieve the sustainable development of agriculture,most of countries have implemented different levels of support and protection for agriculture.In the past 40 years of rural reform in China,the policy system of agricultural support and protection has been continuously improved and perfected,which has provided important support for rural reform and development.The Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the strategy of rural rejuvenation,clearly demanding "perfecting the system of agricultural support and protection".In document No.1 of the Central Committee of 2018,it made specific arrangements for "perfecting the system of agricultural support and protection",and proposed speeding up the establishment of a new policy system of agricultural support and protection.Animal husbandry is an important part of agriculture and rural economy.As an important part of agricultural policy,animal husbandry support policy plays an important role in ensuring the effective supply of animal products,maintaining the sustained growth of farmers' income,and promoting the healthy development of animal husbandry.Under the new situation,strengthening the support and protection of animal husbandry is an important grasp to implement the "top priority" and "priority development" strategies of the central government on agriculture and rural areas.It is of great practical significance to implement the strategy of rural revitalization,promote the structural reform of agricultural supply side,stabilize the stable development of agriculture and rural areas and promote the sustained increase of farmers' income.This paper mainly studies the evolution,support level and effect evaluation of animal husbandry support policy in China.The main content is to draw lessons from the research methods of domestic and foreign scholars,from the perspective of historical evolution of Chinese animal husbandry,to sort out the development process of animal husbandry and animal husbandry support policy.On the basis of comparing and choosing the connotation and measurement methods of animal husbandry support policy,OECD agricultural support level measurement model is used to measure the support level of Chinese animal husbandry support policy from 2001 to 2016.Measure and analyze the effects of animal husbandry support policies from the aspects of farmers' income increase,output growth,environmental effects and structural adjustment.At the same time,based on the micro-perspective of farmers,the typical policies in animal husbandry support policies are analyzed by means of investigation.Finally,the development goal of agricultural modernization is basically realized,and the focus and future direction of animal husbandry development are clarified in order to provide support for the improvement and optimization of the follow-up related policies.On the basis of the above research,the following conclusions are drawn:Firstly,we review the development of animal husbandry in the past 40 years of reform and opening-up,and divide it into four stages: the recovery and development period in the early stage of reform and opening-up;the rapid growth period of animal husbandry development in China;the period of improving quality and efficiency of animal husbandry;the period of structural adjustment;and the period of comprehensive transformation focusing on environmental protection.Through the analysis of the changes in the total livestock production and structure,it is known that the proportion of livestock production value in the total agricultural output value has steadily increased,the supply structure of main livestock products tends to be reasonable,and the production mode has changed from scattered farming to large-scale and intensive farming.Through the analysis of the evolution of animal husbandry production layout.It is known that at present,pig production belts have been formed with the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River as the central production area and gradually spreading to both sides of the north and south,beef production belts with the Central Plains beef belt and northeast beef belt as the main production belts,mutton production belts with the northwest pastoral area and the Central Plains and southwest areas as the main production belts.Meat and poultry production belts in eastern provinces and egg production belts in Central Plains provinces,as well as dairy production belts in the suburbs of northeast,North China and Beijing,Tianjin and Shanghai.Through the analysis of the change of the main body of animal husbandry management.From the perspective of historical development and time series,the main body of animal husbandry management in China has separated the Specialized Livestock households from the sideline form of farmer households at the beginning of the last century,and then changed to the specialized livestock companies.Secondly,the supporting policies of animal husbandry in the past 40 years of reform and opening up are sorted out and analyzed in detail in three stages.Secondly,the current situation and characteristics of China's animal husbandry support policies are analyzed.Since 2007,China has increased its support to animal husbandry through the implementation of market price support and producer subsidy policies,which has promoted the rapid development of animal husbandry.Finally,the evolution law of China's animal husbandry support policy is summarized: first,the different phased objectives of animal husbandry policy tend to diversify;second,in combing the evolution of China's animal husbandry support policy,it is found that the implementation of animal husbandry support policy is the result of the interaction of government's economic development strategy,constraints and social environment.Its essence is the process of adjusting the distribution of interests in the course of the game between agriculture and industry,urban and rural interests.Thirdly,Through comparing and choosing the measurement methods of animal husbandry support policy.It is known that the WTO method is only a negotiating tool,and the purpose of OECD to measure the level of agricultural support is to carry out policy analysis and evaluation.It can be seen that the measurement method of agricultural support level of OECD can cover the border and domestic agricultural support policies,so it can better evaluate the role of all agricultural policies in a country.It can not only make international comparisons,but also contribute to the evaluation and analysis of a country's agricultural policy,which is of great significance for improving policy efficiency.This paper uses OECD evaluation method to evaluate the level of agricultural support in China.Based on the OECD agricultural support level measurement model,this paper classifies and measures the support level of animal husbandry support policies in China since 2001-2016,and finds the following characteristics.First,from the overall level of animal husbandry support policy,the overall level of animal husbandry support in China shows an upward trend from 2001 to 2016,but it can be divided into two stages,from 2001 to 2006.Since 2007,with the development of China's animal husbandry and the enhancement of support policies for animal husbandry,the support level of animal husbandry policy has increased rapidly.Second,from the perspective of the structure of animal husbandry support policy,producer support has always accounted for a large proportion.Further subdivision shows that,in the internal composition of producer support,production budget support has improved to some extent,but compared with production budget support,the contribution of market price support is greater.Thirdly,from the support level of different kinds of animal products,there are great differences in the support level of animal husbandry policy for each kind of animal products.Overall,the level of support for pork,beef,mutton and cashmere shows a growing trend,while the level of support for poultry and milk fluctuates greatly.The support level of eggs and wool is basically negative in most years,and the support level of eggs is more negative,and shows a downward trend year by year.The reasons for these three characteristics can be summarized as follows: first,the role of border protection policy;second,the value transfer of domestic fodder and grain;third,the price fluctuation of livestock products caused by epidemics and the quality and safety of livestock products.Fourthly,This study explores the effect of animal husbandry support policy.In the process of data acquisition,we know that there is a same direction change relationship between the income of farmers and herdsmen and the total expenditure of our country's Finance on animal husbandry,which means that increasing the financial support for animal husbandry will increase the income of farmers and herdsmen,but the effect of increasing the support for animal husbandry can cause the income growth of farmers and herdsmen is weak.The relationship between the total output value of animal husbandry and the total financial expenditure on animal husbandry also has the same direction.That is to say,increasing financial support for animal husbandry can promote the increase of production.However,the relative growth effect of the total livestock output value caused by the increase of animal husbandry support is also weak.In addition,China's animal husbandry support policy is conducive to the rationality of pollution control in theory and practice,and the increase of animal husbandry support can not significantly inhibit the increase of sewage discharge.The support policy of animal husbandry is an important factor in the change of animal husbandry structure.Especially since 1992,the central and local governments have formulated a series of policies to promote the development of beef cattle industry.At the same time,they have promoted the development of animal husbandry production structure and composition of animal husbandry structure to a more reasonable direction.However,the promotion of the demonstration project of "animal husbandry" strongly supported by the state and local governments has developed well in beef cattle industry and the central and northeastern regions with the advantages of straw feed.However,the data of the whole country are selected for the livestock breeding structure,and the changes of the livestock breeding structure are not balanced in each region.At the same time,due to the availability of data,the time range of this study was from 2001 to 2016.At this stage,the adjustment of animal husbandry structure slowed down relatively,and the effect of the increase of animal husbandry support on the change of animal species structure was weak.Fifthly,from the micro-dimension of farmers,based on the survey of pig farmers in Jilin Province,the paper evaluates the support policy of pig farming from the awareness and satisfaction of pig farmers,and further understands and summarizes the reasons why pig farmers are not satisfied.Combining with the results of the survey and interview of the farmers,this paper summarizes the reasons that affect the satisfaction of the farmers in the implementation of supporting policies for pig farming,that is,the existing problems.First,the support policy of pig farming mainly by means of financial subsidies,most of which have no emphasis,is generally inclusive to most farmers,especially for the prevention and control of pig epidemic.Once an epidemic occurs,compared with individual farmers,large-scale farmers need to bear greater risks,and the policy does not vary according to the size of the risk of farmers.Secondly,there are some problems in the implementation of the support policy for large-scale farming.Firstly,the subsidies are mainly financed,lacking technical support and guidance for epidemic prevention and control.Secondly,the subsidy area is the production link of aquaculture,which can not meet the needs of farmers in sales,management and management.Thirdly,the early warning and monitoring mechanism of pig production and market information in macro-control has some problems,such as insufficient government propaganda,low awareness of farmers,incomplete prediction of market information,and not playing a due role in the production arrangement of farmers.Fourthly,in the process of policy implementation,there are some common problems,such as high threshold,complex audit procedures,long application cycle,and cumbersome procedures in the process of fund issuance.Sixthly,Based on the above conclusions and the basic situation of animal husbandry development,the policy suggestions are put forward: improving the use of supporting funds for animal husbandry,establishing and improving the mechanism of price monitoring of animal products and early warning of market information,constructing the operational mechanism framework of the national reserve system for catastrophe insurance of animal husbandry policy,further improving the policy of ecological protection of animal husbandry,and promoting animal husbandry and environment.Coordinated development.It is suggested that the utilization of animal manure resources,the promotion of healthy breeding,the improvement of animal husbandry production technology,the enhancement of disease prevention and control capacity of farms,the construction of high-yielding and high-quality alfalfa demonstration base,the development of modern grassland animal husbandry,and the support of the promotion of animal husbandry varieties in pastoral areas should be the focus of future support policies for animal husbandry in China. |
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