Research On Pesticide Application Behavior Of Rice Farmers

"Hunger breeds discontentment,safety is the supremacy for food".The quality and safety of agricultural products is the basis for the survival and sustainable development of human society.However,the farmer's pesticide application behavior is boundedly rational,based on the negative externality of the current pesticide use,especially the "pesticide application confusion" of rice,which is one of the three major staple foods in China.This paper chooses rice farmers' pesticide application behavior as the research object,and calculates the excessive application level of rice farmers,and explore the heterogeneity of the application behavior of rice farmers from three aspects: farmers themselves,market players,and government supervision.The main contents of this study include five parts.Firstly,using the data of 731 farmers in the main rice producing areas of South China,the level of pesticide use was calculated by damage control production function.Secondly,through the comparative analysis of different scale of rice farmers' pesticide application behavior,grasp the law of differences in pesticide application behaviors between large-scale and small-scale farmers.Thirdly,from the perspective of market,PSM was used to investigate the effect of different market participants' participation on excessive pesticide application of rice farmers.Fourthly,from the perspective of the government,the paper studies the influence of the government regulatory factors on the rice farmers' pesticide application behavior,and puts the government factors and market factors into the research framework,and analyze the internal logic between the two.Fifthly,in order to make overall consideration of the objectives of pest control and chemical pesticide reduction,this paper uses Heckman two-stage model and simultaneous equation model to analyze the influencing factors and effect evaluation of farmers' green control technology adoption behavior.On the basis of theoretical analysis and empirical analysis,this paper draws the following conclusions.Firstly,there is a serious problem of excessive pesticide application in rice farmers in the research area,which is caused by the vicious cycle between pests and pesticides input.Secondly,there is a big difference in the behavior of different scale farmers: the use of pesticides in large-scale farmers is higher than that of small-scale farmers.Under the condition of controlling other conditions unchanged,the rate of single dose exceeding the standard for large-scale farmers is 56% higher than that for small-scale farmers,and the frequency of pesticide application by large-scale farmers is 1.40 times that of small-scale farmers,and the ration proportion is the fundamental factor for the differences of pesticide use behavior between large-scale and small-scale farmers.Thirdly,the positive effect of market environment factors on rice farmers' pesticide application behavior was weak and the negative effect was large.Among many market players,only "quality" acquirers can help to restrain the excessive use of pesticides by rice farmers,and the role of cooperatives is not obvious.However,the probability of excessive use of pesticides by farmers who choose non professional outsourcing is 16.98% higher than those who choose not to do so.There is a big gap between non-professional outsourcing and professional unified control in the level of organization and the means of plant protection control.Fourthly,the impact of government supervision on farmers' pesticide application is limited,but it will form a good interaction with market environment factors,so as to regulate farmers' pesticide application behavior.Fifthly,green control technology is a better alternative to chemical pesticides.The green control technology in the research area has the dual effects of economy and environment,but the adoption rate of farmers is relatively low,which is related to the proportion of rations of farmers.Even the factors such as the early warning of injection time and the concerns of the acquirer play a strong role in the adoption of farmers.On the basis of the existing government supervision and market environment,in order to regulate the behavior of farmers,we can start from the following aspects.First,we need to innovate training methods flexibly and actively implement regulatory functions.Through reasonable system design,we can promote the standardization of green market,form a multi-level industry self-discipline mechanism between farmers and market players,and correct market failure.Second,we should strictly control the market environment and steadily promote high-quality and competitive prices.It is necessary to strengthen the regulation of the supply market of green agricultural products,and bring into play the restriction and supervision mechanism of market subject norms on farmers' behavior.Third,the farmers should be taught according to their aptitude and give full play to their role as demonstrations.We should use reasonable incentives to guide farmers to self-manage and give full play to the role of model households as demonstrations,so as to form a shift from knowledge input to technology output.Fourth,we should continuously improve the subsidy mechanism,and promote technology development and promotion.Through the normalization and diversification of subsidies for green agricultural technologies,combined with the reduction of transaction costs and system costs in technology promotion,we can jointly weaken the cost pressure of farmers to cope with technology upgrading.Fifth,we need to establish a vertical feedback mechanism and improve the risk compensation system.Through the vertical information feedback mechanism,targeted to provide farmers with the whole process or stage services,and through the improvement of risk compensation system,reduce farmers' dependence on pesticide application in response to income fluctuations.