| The zonal vegetation in the temperate zone of northeast China(also known as dominant area vegetation,dominant vegetation,and zonal vegetation)is a deciduous broad-leaved forest,and Tilia amurensis Rupr is one of the typical vegetation types.In the long history of human development,forests have provided an important material basis for human survival and production.Under long-term human effects and changes in the ecological environment,the area of zonal Tilia amurensis has been declining and replaced by other types of forest.The restoration and reconstruction of the forest vegetation in temperate areas with aster distribution areas has a long way to go.The quantity and population of forest soil microorganisms directly affect the physical and chemical properties of the forest soil and soil fertility,and then affect the growth and development of the forest.The diversity and variability of forest soil microorganisms reflect their adaptability to habitat quality,and they are the most sensitive biological indicators.Therefore,the structure and diversity of soil microbial communities under different zones or regions of vegetation,that is,the distribution of different Tilia amurensis the change and differentiation of the structure and diversity of soil microbial communities in the area is one of the key factors to maintain the sustainable development of forest ecosystems in Northeast China.To this end,this study takes the Tilia amurensis's distribution area of Northeast China-soil microorganisms at different altitude gradients and different latitudes as research objects,and analyzes the zonal differences in soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activities,and the differences in soil microbial composition and diversity.High-throughput sequencing technology analyzes the differences in microbial communities formed in soils at different altitudes and latitudes,thereby clarifying the effects of microbial communities and soil nutrients in the Tilia amurensis distribution area in Northeast China,in order to promote the maintenance of microorganisms in the forest ecosystem and the maintenance of forest functions.Provide theoretical basis,the results are as follows:(1)It was found that the soil chemical composition and soil enzyme activity showed significant differences in soil physical and chemical properties at different altitudes and latitudes.Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in low altitude were significantly higher than those in high altitude;soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in Changbai Mountain area were higher than those in other areas.The differences in soil FDA hydrolase,peroxidase,urease,acid protease,and dehydrogenase were not significant at different altitudes,but the soil invertase was significantly different.At different latitudes,FDA hydrolase,peroxidase,urease,acid protease,dehydrogenase,and sucrase have significant differences.FDA hydrolase and catalase gradually increase with the latitude from south to north,dehydrogenase and urease show a trend of high middle latitude and low on both sides,and acid protease and sucrase gradually increase from north to south.The soil enzyme activity showed different zonal patterns at the latitude.(2)Analysis of the structure and diversity of soil fungal communities at different altitudes revealed that the main families of soil fungal communities were Basidiomycota,Ascomycota,and Mortierellomycota.There was no significant difference in soil alpha diversity at different altitudes,but altitude gradients changed the beta diversity of soil fungi.From the perspective of soil fungal community structure and diversity,it was found that vegetation at different altitudes adjusted the absorption and utilization of soil nutrients by adjusting the fungal abundance,and was susceptible to the regulation of soil pH,organic carbon,and soil moisture.(3)Analysis of the structure and diversity of soil bacterial communities at different altitudes revealed that the main phytophyte communities of soil are Proteobacteria,Acidobacteria,and Actinobacteria.Shannon diversity at different altitudes was not significantly different but ACE and Chao 1 indices were significantly different.Altitude gradient changed the beta diversity of soil bacteria.The altitude distribution of bacteria showed a high degree of similarity of bacteria at 700m and 800m,and a high degree of similarity at 900m and 1000m.From the perspective of soil bacterial community structure and diversity,it was found that the factors affecting soil bacterial community structure at different altitudes are different.The main regulating environmental factors at low altitudes are soil chemical nutrients,while the major regulating factors at high altitudes are soil pH and soil moisture content.(4)Analysis of the structure and diversity of soil fungal communities in the distribution areas of Tilia amurensis in different latitudes revealed that Basidiomycota,Ascomycota,and Mortierellomycota are the dominant phyla,accounting for 80%of the total%.The latitude difference significantly changed the fungal community structure in the soil,and the latitude from north to south significantly increased the fungal community abundance and beta diversity in the soil in the Aster distribution area.The ammonium nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,and microbial carbon in the soils of Tilia amurensis at different latitudes are the main factors explaining the structural variation of soil fungal communities.(5)Analysis of the structure and diversity of soil bacterial communities in the distribution areas of Tilia amurensis in different latitudes revealed that Proteobacteria,Acidobacteria,Actinobacteria,and Chloroflexi.The latitude difference significantly changed the bacterial community structure in the soil,and the abundance and beta diversity of the bacterial community in the soil in the area of laziness from north to south increased significantly.The bacterial communities of Nenjiang and Shengshan in the northern region have higher similarity,and the similarities of bacterial communities in Boli and Fenghuangshan and Liangshui and Ning'an.Soil pH,available potassium,soil water content,and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen are the main factors that explain the variation of soil bacterial community structure in different latitudes.To sum up,the soil fungi and bacteria in the aster distribution area of Northeast China have some differences in space.The factors that drive the difference of microorganisms mainly come from soil pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,and some quick-acting nutrients.On a small scale,there is little or no difference in the alpha diversity of microorganisms.As the scale increases,the change in alpha diversity of microorganisms increases.However,the abundance of microorganisms at different latitudes and altitudes did not change.Therefore,the main soil microbial composition in the aster distribution area was not changed. |
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