| Since entering the 21st century,the world has continued to undergo various emergencies,such as natural disasters,accidents,epidemics,etc.Emergency medical rescue,a basic and bottom-line work to save people's lives in danger and ensure people's lives in safety,is becoming more and more important and attracting increasing attention and favor.With the acceleration of industrialization process and the rapid development of chemical industry in China,hazardous chemical accidents have increased dramatically,which seriously threaten the safety of people's lives and property.Therefore,it is a necessary and general trend to carry out the research on emergency medical rescue for hazardous chemical accidents.Emergency medical rescue equipment,as a tool carrier and material support of implementing emergency medical rescue for hazardous chemical accidents,is the crucial content and one of the key issues in the research.In view of the contradiction and fact that the combination research of hazardous chemical accident rescue and emergency medical rescue equipment is lacking even missing,and then is very necessary and urgent at home and abroad,this thesis relies on the national key research and development plan and the military key scientific research projects,takes the hazardous chemical accident as the premise and the emergency medical rescue equipment as the object,and focuses on the analysis of equipment demands,system construction,modular allocation,efficiency evaluation and other issues,in hopes of solving a series of key issues of emergency medical rescue for hazardous chemical accidents,such as "What are the demands of equipment?","What is the equipment system?","How should equipment be assembled?","How about the equipment efficiency and how to evaluate it?",in order to provide referential and technical support for the construction,development and application of emergency medical rescue equipment for hazardous chemical accidents,and also provide reference for the construction and development of emergency medical rescue equipment in other similar fields.The main research contents and conclusions of this thesis are as follows:(1)Basic theory of emergency medical rescue for hazardous chemical accidentsThis thesis analyzes the occurrence mechanism of hazardous chemical accidents,clarifies the accident evolution chain under leakage and non-leakage mode of hazardous chemicals,with five evolution chains for each mode,draws the conclusion that fire,explosion and poisoning are "top three public enemies" of hazardous chemical accidents,and sets these three types of accidents as the key research objects of this thesis;through the analysis of injuries in previous hazardous chemical accidents,this thesis summarizes the distribution regulations of these injuries;based on the analysis of the general process of emergency medical rescue,this thesis analyzes eight basic principles,five major links and four principal steps of emergency medical rescue.(2)Analysis of the demands of emergency medical rescue equipment for hazardous chemical accidentsFor the demands of emergency medical rescue equipment for hazardous chemical accidents,this thesis analyzes and defines the connotation from two aspects,dissects the characteristics from four aspects and defines the research boundary;the thesis also innovatively introduces the application scenario analysis method,and systematically analyzes the demands of emergency medical rescue equipment for hazardous chemical accidents from the aspects of environment,user demands and methods.(3)Research on modularization of emergency medical rescue equipment for hazardous chemical accidentsThrough literature search and analysis,this thesis sorts out and constructs the module library of emergency medical rescue equipment for hazardous chemical accidents,then optimizes it with the Delphi method and finally sets up the module system,which includes 3 first-level modules,9 second-level modules and 34 third-level modules.Afterwards,based on this,an equipment module system facing for the rescue tasks of three kinds of hazardous chemical accidents—fire,explosion and poisoning was established.(4)Research on the equipment system and allocation of emergency medical rescue for hazardous chemical accidentsUnder the framework of equipment module system of the emergency medical rescue for hazardous chemical accidents,the equipment system of emergency medical rescue for hazardous chemical accidents is constructed by comprehensively using the methods of market research,literature analysis and expert consultation,including a total of 215 types of equipment(modules);based on the unit group design of the personnel of the national emergency medical rescue team,through the expert consultation and research,the allocation plan of the emergency medical rescue equipment for dangerous chemical accidents in the national emergency medical rescue team is designed.It includes command,detection and decontamination,classified evacuation,emergency treatment,operation,intensive care,ward,special diagnosis,pharmacy and service support,altogether 10 equipment units,215 types of equipment(modules),and 1456 pieces(sets)of equipment.The supplementary modules include rescue modules for three kinds of hazardous chemical accidents—fire,explosion and poisoning,with a total of 350 pieces(sets)of equipment.(5)Research on the effectiveness simulation evaluation of emergency medical rescue equipment for hazardous chemical accidentOn the basis of analyzing and defining the connotation of the effectiveness evaluation of emergency medical rescue equipment for hazardous chemical accidents,the basic idea of using mathematical model to carry out simulation evaluation is determined,and the simulation evaluation models of "based on comparison and optimization" and "based on comparison and positioning" are constructed by using set pair analysis method;through analyzing the two factors that affect the effectiveness of emergency medical rescue equipment for hazardous chemical accidents,this thesis constructs the effectiveness evaluation index system of five kinds of typical emergency medical rescue equipment for hazardous chemical accidents,including detection equipment,washing equipment,protective equipment,first-aid equipment and evacuation equipment,as well as the real combat effectiveness evaluation index system of emergency medical rescue for hazardous chemical accidents;the weight of each index system is determined by using expert consultation method and analytic hierarchy process;combining the effectiveness evaluation of protective clothing and the effectiveness evaluation of real combat emergency medical rescue for hazardous chemical accidents,an example is given to explain the application of the evaluation model. |
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