Retirement Officials System And Literature In Northern Song Dynasty

Retirement system was an important link in the management system of the ancient Chinese officials,Its implementation made the old officials rest and provided new opportunities for young officials' alents.At the same time,It ensured the bureaucrats metabolism and innovation.The ancient officials,mostly came from the imperial examination,who has profound literary accomplishment.They wrote poems in their spare time and kept on writing after retirement.So they left excellent works to later ages.Study these works,not only we can understand their attitude,psychological and life about retirement.But also we can see the development and changes in their ages about retirement system.Retirement system,as an ancient official's exit mechanism,it is bound to affect their psychological and creation.In this paper,Retirement system of Northern Song Dynasty will be discussed,this system affected official's reason and mentality of retirement,their life and literary creation or activities was the product under the influence of the system.The article is made up of introduction,main body and conclusion.Introduction part mainly discusses the reason and research status,Analyzes the value and significance of selection of the topic,and presents some basic information about ideas,content and method.The main body consists of five chapters.Chapter One overview retirement system and literature in the Northern Song Dynasty.At first,It will be discussed in the period from Pre-Qin to Han and Tang Dynasties of ancient Chinese retirement system,then,the different characteristics will be analyzes in the Northern Song Dynasty.lastly,it will be analyzes retirement's different reasons and reflected in literary works under the influence of the Northern Song Dynasty.Chapter Two Focus on retirement officials'mentality,and express in literary works.different retirement reason have different degrees of influence for retirement officials,Some people think it a sorrow thing,so they didn't want to leave their job,Some people think it a happy thing,ask for leaving their position.These different mentality lead to different result.The retirement officials and current official expressed their ideas and emotional in their literary works.Chapter Three discuss retirement officials'life.Retirement system affected their reason and mentality for retirement,and these different point of view affected their life,so they influenced each other.The way of life for retirement officials,in people' works such as poetry,prose,notes novel literary have different degree of reflection.Through reading and analyzing these works,we can understand their life and thought.This chapter intends to three aspects official life.The first one is their attitude for the affairs of state,some one focused on current affairs,and speak their views and ideas;some one didn't care about these things.The second one is the way of their material life.some one lived on a luxury and rich life,on the contrary,some one lived on frugal or poor life.The third one is their spiritual life some one choosed reading and writing,some one choosed drinking and listening to music,some one choosed enjoying family happiness with their children,Every life way relevanted on retirement officials' personality and experience.Chapter Four study on literary creation of retirement officials.This chapter select retirement officials of Northern Song Dynasty in different periods,who have different performance in official career and literature.such as Ouyang Xiu,Zhao Bian,Guo Xiangzheng and Du Yan,etc.it will be analyzed their different retirement reason,their life,communication and literary creation after retirement.The content including the same individual who was compared in different periods,there are also different individual who was compared in horizontal.Through these phenomenon and facts,the influence between on the officials' literary creation and retirement system will be discussed.Chapter Five discuss literary activity of retirement officials.The group of retirement officials was choosed in the chapter as the research object,their gathering and literary was be studied.The officials' meeting of Song Dynasty was not only in the free time of daily affairs,but also was held some rally after retirement.Through discussing these meetings,we can examine this activity's influence on literature.This chapter discusses three contents,One is thirteen famous times of retirement officials'gathering in the history of Northern Song Dynasty.Some meeting was not seen in history,but they were be recorded in the poems and prose,they were worth to researching.All gathering will be overalled in the last.Conclusion serves as a summary,and reviews key information in each chapter.It generalizes retirement system influence on retirement officials' life and literary creation in the Northern Song Dynasty,and literary works reflect on and performance retirement system from different perspectives.