A Study On Retirement Problems Of Jin Dynasty

Retirement,in ancient time,called "Zhishi".It plays a pivotal role in the operation,efficiency and turnover of the bureaucracy.Jin Dynasty which destroyed the Liao Dynasty and Northern song Dynasty,summed up the relevant policies about retirement of the two dynasties,and created the regulations of retirement with the national characteristics.Concerning the research of retirement problems of Jin Dynasty,Academia has focused on the definition of the age of retirement,the analyses for the economic treatment of retirement,and pay less attention on other aspects of this study.Based on the above background,this paper makes a further and detailed study on the issue of Jin Dynasty from three aspects,which are the imperial edicts and the age of retirement,the treatment and the life of the officials who are retired.In this paper,the retirement imperial edicts are drawn from the study of the age of retirement and the treatment of retirement.It will be discussed separately and compared with the actual age of the officials retired.And the research will obtain the peculiarity of retirement in Jin Dynasty.The imperial edicts of retirement,which firstly appeared durning the reign of Emperor Xizong.Xizong sets grades of the salary and the treatment of the retired officals.Shizong and Zhangzong completed the imperial edicts of retirement on making the detailed supplements.Not only on the basis of the previous dynasties about the age of retirement,but also considering the national conditions of Jin Dynasty,the governors made the age of retirement "flexible" features through innovation.This article detailedly discusses the treatment of the retired officials in Jin Dynasty.It mainly includes political treatment,economic treatment and funeral treatment.The political treatment contains three aspects: hierarchical promotion,nepotism and “the hereditary system”.The economic treatment covers giving salaries and reward.The funeral treatment contains that the emperor dispatches officials to handle funeral affairs,stops “shangchao”,“fuzeng” and so on.In Jin Dynasty,the retired officials usually chose three kinds of life: return to their hometown;stay in the capital;live in other place.This paper analyses the choices of the officials from these aspects: the officials' own situation,the state situation at that time,the emperor's personal taste and the urban economic development.The life of the retired officials is rich and colorful.Some enjoyed themselves through touring;some read books and educated their descendants;some also involved in religious activities and so on.