| Prospective memory,which is opposite to retrospective memory,refers to the memories of future activities or events.According to the type of cues,Einstein and McDaniel divided prospective memory into event-based and time-based prospective memory.Former research mainly focused on these two kinds of prospective memory,however,there is a more complicated type in real life-mixed prospective memory,in which event cues and time cues are mixed together.With regard to the sequence of different cues,our research classified the mixed prospective memory into two kinds,event-triggered and time-triggered mixed prospective memory.Therefore,with comparisons between two kinds of mixed prospective memory and two classical types of prospective memory,the present research examined the prospective interference effect(PIE)and attention allocation in different types of(mixed)prospective memory and made assumptions of their cognitive processing strategies and neural mechanisms with the help of ERPs.With judging the sameness of two characters in different positions as ongoing task and conducting target reaction when there was character "B" in those positions as EBPM task,every three minutes interval as TBPM task and combining EBPM and TBPM as mixed prospective memory,the research asked the participants(university students)remembering to finish the prospective task as well as the ongoing task.Five experiments as followed are included:With three experiments,the first research compared cognitive processing strategies and neural mechanisms of EBPM and TBPM under the probability of access to time cues.The results showed that the PIE of EBPM and TBPM were similar when there were time cues available,but the PIE of TBPM was significant larger than that of EBPM when there was no time cues.EBPM and TBPM were both involved with some extent of strategic processing,the former combined "sustained"strategic as well as automatic processing and the latter was mainly "dynamical and transient" strategic processing.EBPM and TBPM showed significant differences in the ERPs modulations at 500-800ms post-stimulus over frontal region.The second research compared cognitive processing strategies and neural mechanisms of TTMPM and EBPM under two separate stages.which were sorted by the tasks of TTMPM.The results showed that in the first stage,the PIE of TTMPM was significant smaller than that of EBPM,which showed TTMPM tended to be involved in lower extent of "transient" strategic processing,and they showed significant differences in the ERPs modulations at 500-800ms post-stimulus over parietal region.In the second stage,the PIE of TTMPM was significant larger than that of EBPM,which showed TTMPM tended to be involved in higher extent of"sustained" strategic processing,and they showed significant differences in the ERPs modulations at 500-800ms post-stimulus over frontal and central regions.The third research compared cognitive processing strategies and neural mechanisms of ETMPM and TBPM under two separate stages,which were sorted by the tasks of ETMPM.The results showed that in the first stage,the PIE of ETMPM was significant larger than that of TBPM,which showed ETMPM tended to be involved in higher extent of "sustained" strategic processing,and they showed significant differences in the ERPs modulations at 500-800ms post-stimulus over frontal region.In the second stage,the PIE of ETMPM was similar with that of TBPM,which showed ETMPM tended to be involved in higher extent of "transient and dynamical" strategic processing,and they showed no differences in the ERPs modulations at 500-800ms post-stimulus over frontal region but a significant differences with baseline over that region.What's more,in all three research,prospective memory conditions caused more PIE and needed more strategic processing than the baseline condition,and showed significant difference in the frontal area of the brain,which was suggested been involved in the maintenance and retrieval of the prospective memory. |
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