Study On The Equalization And Spatial Optimization Of Rural Basic Public Services In Jianghan Plain

Basic public service is the fundament need to ensure all citizens' survival and development.With the development of society and income level,people need public services which match with the condition of economy and society.In the period of new challenges,basic public services in our country have many short slabs,such as small-scale,low-quality and inequality,especially in grassroots and rural area where facilities are not available and used adequately which make the need and demand severely serious.In the strategic period of building a moderately prosperous society and the realization of the Chinese dream,the development of basic public services are faced with new challenges and new demands.Rural area is the most difficult geographic space for building a moderately prosperous society and how to make all citizens enjoy basic public services fairly which becomes a key point for decision makers and researchers.So on the basis of balance of supply and demand,taking the principle of justice and efficiency,aiming to realize public services accessibility and equalization in rural area,searching a spatial optimization method for basic public services in rural area is an effective tool to plan rural space scientifically and reasonably which is meaningful to eliminate public services shortage area,promote social equality and justice and improve people's wellbeing.Born out of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)project,this dissertation is to take a case study on the accessibility and equalization of rural public medical,education and culture services in Xiantao city,a typical county-level administrative unit in Jianghan Plain,in assistance of GIS spatial analysis models.Specifically,This dissertation intends to bring about the following achievements:First,to demonstrate the evolution of spatial structure of rural population and public services demands in multiple dimensions like villages,towns and city,as well as the spatial differentiation features of the accessibility and equalization of rural public medical,education and culture services.Second,to detect the services shortage areas measured by accessibility and equalization and their classifications and caucuses so that to explore the basic theories and application tools for space planning of basic public services in rural plains form the perspective of spatial accessibility,spatial behaviors,service supply and system coordination,which,of course,to make a trial for the maximum fairness of resource allocation and maximum efficiency of resource utilization.Located in an homogeneous area both in nature and economy,Xiantao city is an ideal unit to be token as a case area in central China to carry out the rural public services study and spatial simulation,which aims at figuring out the present spatial distribution patterns and spatial optimization methods,making the spatial planning in rural education,medical and culture more scientific,and providing experiences for defusing the contradiction of service quality and facilities accessibility.This dissertation is comprised of 8 chapters which follows an order like situation interpreting,level assessing,problems detecting,problems analyzing and problem solving to study the accessibility and equalization of the public service in Jianghan Plain.The first chapter is introduction.This chapter is to analyze the necessity and significance of the study from the perspective of theory,reality and policies and thus to present the research objectives,contents,feasible methods and technical routes.The second chapter is Theoretical Basis and Research Progress in Domestic and Abroad.With a interpretation of the definitions of public products,public services,accessibility and equalization,we make a comprehensive summary of the research progress in domestic and abroad on basic public services,accessibility,equalization and facilities' spatial distribution optimization in the basis of fairness and justice theory,location and central place theory,welfare economics theory and Time-Geography theory.Though domestic geographers have shift fjrom static study to dynamic study in public services and have been conformed to international standards at research perspectives,objectives and methods,they have showed a remarkable "city preference" in the poor number of articles aggregation which is why the study balancing fairness and efficiency in public services should be paid attention.The third chapter is a description about basic public services situation.This part describe the reason why choosing Xiantao as research region and database build process,moreover,Xiantao's basic public services situation is manifested by the supply and demand.Taking advantage of principal component analysis,the level of Xiantao's public healthcare,education and culture facilities are evaluated respectively.The service capability of basic public services system of each town in Xiantao has a great difference;different kinds of public services distribute unevenly which have their own characteristics by evaluating each town's service capabilities.What's more,the public services of each town are diverse.The fourth chapter is basic public services comprehensive evaluation.Xiantao's basic public services are evaluated from accessibility and equitability.On the basis of accessibility,by the use of two-step mobile search method,the accessibility levels of each settlements are evaluated.Through the construction of basic public services equitability evaluation system,three kinds of public services accessibilities and weights are calculated.Then the equitabilities of each town have their results by summing the model of accessibility and equitability.The fifth chapter is shortage area analysis about basic public services.According to the research in the past,the opportunity to acquire public services whether equal or reasonable were reflected by spatial accessibility and distance,and the condition to acquire public services whether equal or reasonable were reflected by equal access to basic public services.Settlements and towns are divided into developed area,general area and shortage area.Using quantified measure to judge the individual and weighted shortage area,this paper finds that 68 settlements belong to shortage area.The shortage type of each town is categorized to analyze influence factor which different types of public services accessibility and equalization are various and which focus differently,but mainly in financial investment,density of highway and income level.The sixth chapter is the Study on Spatial Optimization of Basic Public Services.In this chapter,we inspect the optimization of basic public services from the perspective of residents'experience which including spatial accessibility,spatial behaviors,service supply and system coordination.In the analysis of spatial accessibility optimization,"two-step optimization for spatial accessibility improvement(2S04SAI)",namely selection optimizing and service ability optimizing successfully,is introduced based on the classic Location Optimization Model to achieve the minimum of accessibility disparity.Furthermore,an empirical study is carried out in public medical services to pick out an appropriate optimal method and figure out an appropriate facility scales.In the analysis of spatial behaviors optimization,equitable service scopes are proposed based on the residents' behavior preference and their spatial characters to help to accelerating the spatial optimization of public services;In the analysis of service supply optimization,we put forward a pluralistic path to create a diverse service supply system,consisting of government's deontic and universal services,NPOs'(Non-profit Organization)public-spirited services,POs'(Profit Organization)distinguished services and individual voluntary services.In the analysis of system coordination optimization,we formulate the develop priority and different goals to reach equalization development of all the towns in service shortage in Xiantao city according to their distribution and types.The seventh chapter is the study on policies of basic public services.This policy study of basic public services in this chapter can be divided into two respects,namely spatial distribution optimization strategies and system establishing.As to the spatial distribution optimization strategies,we give four proposals including drawing up a scientific planning,building up a geographical database,setting up a long-term criterion and striking up a comprehensive develop system.Meanwhile,as to the system establishing,we propose to set up a comprehensive criterion,consolidate the working mechanism and improve the public scrutiny system.The eighth chapter is conclusion and prospect.This chapter is to make a conclusion and prospect,and thus to summarize the innovation points and flaws of it and therefore,to make a prospect for the future research.