The Emperor, The Prince And The Doctor

In terms of the study of the political system of the Han dynasty,the imperial edict on the construction of the identity of the emperors was a less studied problem.In the imperial edicts of the Han dynasty,the emperor's determination of his identity appeared the transition from"the guardian of the ancestral temple"(“???”)to the"carrying on the great achievement "(“???”).There is a direct correlation between this change and the political theory of "Han Dynasty is offspring of Yao"(“????”)as well as the theoretical construction of the following the great achievement of sage king.The identity of "carrying on great achievement" not only covers the legitimacy conferred by the blood continuation,but also highlights the orthodoxy brought by following the great achievement of sage king.The change of the emperor identity injects new Confucian political culture factors into the emperor system followed the Qin dynasty,meanwhile,it also brings the new restrict of the power.The seignior inherit emperor's throne was a common phenomenon in the succession system of the imperial throne in the Han dynasty,but the western and the eastern Han dynasties presented a completely different picture on the issue of "the duty as a heir".In the late western Han dynasty,the three aspects of respecting biological parents,sacrificial regulation and the worship of mother's family existing serious conflict between the law discipline rite and the private emotion.But in the above three aspects of the eastern Han dynasty does not show a full return to the Confucian ritual,it provides a diversion channel for the emperor's private emotion,reserved a seat for the tradition of the Han dynasty based on blood lineage.This shift around "the duty as a heir",essentially reflects the running-in process between Confucianism and the system of the Han family after solely revering Confucianism by Emperor Wu.Whether it is the self-identification of the emperor,or the flexible use of "the duty as a heir",in fact,it reflects the reinvention of the Confucian political thought to the Han dynasty emperor system,as well as the perfection and maturity of the ruling strategy according to Confucianism.The strategy of the central government to treat the kingdom and the noblemen is another important aspect of the political history of the Han dynasty.From the perspective of rebellion,the evolution of kingdom policy in the early Han dynasty is a dynamic process fulled with continuously reflect,update and adjust to the practice.The evolution of the trilogy which from the"ZhongJian"(“??”)to"XueFan"(“??”)to"Tuien"(“??”)can't including the adjustment process of the kingdom policy in the view of kingdom rebellion." The Case of Zhoujin"(???)exacerbated the contradiction between defending the interests of the kingdom and taking the initiative to push the Imperial Edict of Tuien.After the "The Case of Zhoujin ",the Tuien was more concentrated on the changes of the throne,which the proportion increased from 7.2%to 43.1%.This shows that the implement process of the imperial edict of Tuien after "The Case of Zhoujin"is more complex than the record what "the kingdom were automatically divided"(“????”)and "all the children were given the marquis"(“????”)from Bangu.The simplified construction of the kingdom policy essentially is a reflection of the linear view of history.The seating arrangement of eighteen noblemen occur in the twelfth year of Emperor Gao,and not in the sixth year of Emperor Gao,the sixth year of Emperor Gao just determined the seating of Xiaohe(??)and Caocan(??).Seating arrangement of eighteen noblemen in the twelfth year of Emperor Gao was the main measures of Liubang(??)before he died to establish the principles of political power sharing between Liu's royal family and noblemen.It will be based on the military exploit as the basis for the rational distribution of political power between Liubang and noblemen and their children.The unequal of political status and political power depend on the seat order of noblemen throughout the political practice in the western Han especially before Emperor Wu.At the same time,the central government's strategy of treating the kingdom and the noblemen was different.The nature,function and the removal of the office of the Censor-in-chief are related to the system of the emperor and the internal and external court system,and also an important aspect of the study of political history in the Han dynasty.The Censor-in-chief gained power beyond the system level depend on the special identity of the emperor's servant in the early Han.The staff group formed in the center of the Censor-in-chief was similar to the embryonic of the inner court(??).In the following background that the inner court was gradually institutionalized and Huoguang(??)to run the government,the Censor-in-chief gradually lost the identity of the emperor's servant,and then transformed into the outer court(??)officials with similar functions to the prime minister.By the evidence that the Censor-in-chief selected affiliated officials as well as slaves of the Huo's family to trespass the Censor-in-chief Bureau and the Censor-in-chief received those officials who submitted local accounts to the central government at the end of each year,we can not infer that the Censor-in-chief Bureau had been moved to outside the Weiyang Palace in the late western Han dynasty.In the case of the Yan King's rebellion,Sang Hong-yang(???)did not constitute a major threat to Huoguang by virtue of the space advantage that the Censor-in-chief Bureau was located in the Palace,so Huoguang did not need to move the Censor-in-chief Bureau out of the Palace.More than ten years after the death of Huoguang,the Censor-in-chief Bureau was still located in the Palace.In short,the Censor-in-chief had a nature of the inter court in the early han dynasty,and the function was changed during the period of Emperor Zhao and Emperor Xuan.The function change of the Censor-in-chief was accompanied by the disguised outward transformation of the political space where the Censor-in-chief Bureau located,not the the removal of the office.