A Study Of The Chinese Communist Party's Rural Mobilization In Shaanxi's Kuomintang Controlled Area During The Anti-Japanese War

Extensive mass mobilization is the basis for the victory of the war of resistance against Japan.During the Anti-Japanese War,the Communist Party of Chinesenot only carried out extensive rural mobilization in the areas such as the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia anti-Japanese democratic Border Region and the other CPC's base,but also formed a comprehensive support for the all-out war of resistance.Due to the particularity of the political and social environment in the Guotong area,the CPC's rural mobilization also showed patterns and characteristics different from the base areas.Because of its location in both the rear area of the Anti-Japanese War and the front-line theater,Shaanxi's Guotong area was also the periphery of the CPC Central Committee and the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region,mobilization is even more complicated by political and social conditions.Therefore,the research on the CPC's mobilization is more typical in value and significance.This article examines the village mobilization conducted by the CPC in Shaanxi Guotong area during the war of resistance against Japan,with a combination of macro perspective and micro perspective,the rural mobilization will be expanded from a large number of peasants to various sectors and groups including the grass-roots political power,the Kuomintang organizations,the Baojia institutions,the small intellectuals,the elite gentry,the military personnel in the township,the old-style organizations,and the upper-class women,to show the state of existence of the CPC during the Anti-Japanese War in the rural areas of the KMT and the whole picture of mobilization,and then explores the CPC'sorganizational development and mobilization rules in the special political environment of KMT governors.In accordance with the different status and their resources of the mobilization objects,this article divides the rural mobilization of the CPC in the Guotong area into three aspects,that is,"mobilization around Rural Political Power","mobilization around Rural Social Power",and "mobilization around the peasant masses",respectively investigates the mobilization of the peasants and the masses with authorityandinfluence in the countryside,and the grass-roots political power in the Shaanxi Guotong area.The research of this paper consists of eight chapters,which is divided into three parts:the introduction,the text and the conclusion.Chapter One:Introduction.This chapter mainly explains the origin of the research,the value of the research,the methods of the research,and reviews of the current status at home and abroad involved in this study,analyzes the research trends and shortcomings,and defines the core concepts of "Mobilization","Guotong Area" and"Shaanxi Guotong Area".Chapter Two:Environmental analysis of rural mobilization.This chapter mainly examines the complex political ecology of the Shaanxi Guotongarea,including"changing political environment","plural political subjects",and "complicated political relations",and explores the special situation of the CPC,which includes the existence of organizations under the conditions of "local government in general" and "regional non-ruling",organizational activities of "legal" and "illegal","noncompetitive" and"competitive" relationship between the KMT and the CPC,and analyzes the specific conditions in which the CPC mobilized.Chapter Three:The development process and stage characteristics of rural mobilization.This chapter mainly examines the three stages of the rural mobilization during the Anti-Japanese War in Shaanxi Guotong area,that is,the stage of overall development,the stage of policy adjustment,the stage of latent covertness,and also analyzes the historical background,the CPC policies,organizational development and mobilization features of each stage.Chapter Four:Mobilization around political power in the countryside.This chapter mainly examines the mobilization conducted by the CPC on the KMT grass-roots government,Kuomintang organizations,Baojia institutions and their elites in the rural areas of the Shaanxi Guotong area.Through understanding and analysis of the main body of political power in the village of the Shaanxi Guotong area,the CPC has identified and adopted three kinds of mobilization methods of "external fight," "internal infiltration," and "lawful struggle",and in the mobilization process,the CPC effectively responded to the "reactionaries" and "reverse osmosis" of KMT,and accumulated the mobilization experience of the political power in the Kuomintang-controlled rural areas,such as "focusing on covertness and the Kuomintang","differentiation of mobilization strategies" and "flexible use of old-style relations."Chapter Five:Mobilization around rural social power.This chapter examines the mobilization of the CPC on the small intellectuals,gentry celebrities,the township military,the old-style organizations and the upper-class women with regard to the elite,prestige and influence in the rural areas of the Shaanxi Guotong area.Through cognition and investigation to the main body of rural social power in the Shaanxi Guotong area,the CPC determined and took different measures to mobilize the various groups according to their own characteristics,and expanded the mutual relations between the CPC and them,and on this basis,formed the experience of mobilizing rural social power in the Guotong districts,which is corresponding to the "emphasis on cadre choice","paying attention to the gray face ","paying attention to the cooperation between the upper and lower classes and the class",and "paying attention to the social status".Chapter Six:Mobilization around peasant masses.This chapter mainly examines the mobilization conducted by the CPC on the most extensive peasant masses in the Shaanxi Guotong area.Based on the cognition and analysis of the peasants in the KMT area in Shaanxi Province,the CPC has identified and adopted the special forms and tactics of peasant mobilization in the Guotong area,that is,"set off the movement","propaganda and education","organizing","borrowing chicken to have eggs","working hard",and effectively dealt with the KMT's scramble for peasant mobilization,establishing the political superiority of the CPC,and formed the corresponding experience of peasants mobilization in the Guotong area,such as "organizing to break through obstacles of collective action","paying attention to the Immediate Interests of Peasants","emphasizing the role of Upper Work to peasant mobilization",and "paying attention to farmers conservative concepts and life taboos and adopt a 'roundabout'mobilization approach".Chapter Seven:The general rules of the CPC mobilization in the Shaanxi Guotong area during the War of Resistance against Japan.This chapter mainly summarizes the mobilization law of the CPC in the village of the Shaanxi Guotong area from four aspects:the situation of Anti-Japanese War determines the degree and effectiveness of mobilization,the KMT-CPC relations rules the "legal space" for the mobilization,and the positive correlation between the organization power of the CPCand the effectiveness of mobilization,and secret work is the necessary condition for mobilizing success.Chapter Eight:The historical influence of the CPC's ruralmobilization in the Guotong area during the War of Resistance against Japan.This chapter mainly discusses the historical influence of the CPC's rural mobilization on the victory of the Anti-Japanese War,on the CPC's influence and social foundation in the Guotong area,on the political ecology and political culture of the rural areas in the Shaanxi Guotong Region,on the external environment of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region and on the ultimate victory of the CPC revolution.