Research On The Constitutional Thought And Practice Of Tang Hualong

The selection and evolution of modern Chinese constitutional road had been through three important historical stages,from feudal autocracy and preparation of the constitution to the comprehensive development of republican constitutionalism.This process was very tortuous but end in failure,leaving behind its profound experience and lessons.This paper made a systematical investgation to the Constitutional thought and practice of Tang Hualong's whole life from the angle of the evolution and choice of china's modern constitution,summing up the abundant experience of constitutional government especially the experience from his profound lessons of failure,serving for the governing the country by constitution and the rule of law in contemporary China,which has far-reaching historical and realistic significance.It is the time of the Implementation of the new policy by late Qing government and preparing to copy the constitutional government when Tang was in his early years.The comprehensive influence of the family,the old classmate,the political career and the national crisis,the new ideological trend promoted him to study in Japan,which made him been deeply influenced by the constitutional monarchy of Japan and became a firm backbone of the constitutional monarchy.Tang Hualong back home in the preparatory constitutional movement in the late qing dynasty,then he set off a vigorous movement of a constitutional monarchy by the position of speaker of Hubei advisory board in hubei province and even the whole country.He also made great effort in the Movement to protect railway and Congress petition,being very radical but end in hopeless failure.Had been despairing in the Congress petition,Tang hualong turned to the Republican revolution firmly coinciding with the outbreak of Wuchang uprising.He actively took part in the organization of Wuchang uprising and promoted the revolution of 1911 to the whole country.He made great achievement in the establish of the military government regulations and the joint formulation of the ezhou contract,laying solid foundation of the republican constitutionalism in the early Republic of China.In the early years of the Republic of China,Tang Hualong fully dedicate himself to the new republican constitutionalism,addicted to party politics and parliamentary politics,served as President of republic construction workshop and the party boss of the Democratic Party part,the Progressive Party and the Study Party,also served as the deputy speaker of the Beijing temporary senate and the speaker of the house during the the first session of congress in early time of the Republic of China,making great contribution in the aspect of creating and running the republican constitutionalism.Tang Hualong always rushed in front in defence of the republican constitutionalism,leading the party to participate in the fight against restoration of Yuan shikai,and triumphed at last.Also he led the backbones of the Study party to help Duan Qirui smashed Zhang Xun's restoration.He participated in the rebuilding of republican constitutionalism twice.He placed his hope of creating republican constitutionalism on Yuan Shikai and Duan Qirui,but Yuan didn't walk on the right track of republican constitutionalism and Duan government abandoned Tang.Tang Hualong also met with opposition from several forces in the south,caught in a embattled state and been assassinated by the Nationalist Party finally.Conclusion:In the selection and evolution of modern Chinese constitutional road,Tang Hualong adapted himself to the needs of the constitutional government in different times,actively promoted the constitutionalism construction,was the pioneer and hard core of party politics and parliamentary politics,whose positive enterprising spirit and various accumulated constitutional experience can be reference for future generations.He is keen on the form of western constitutionalism.He had some understanding and attention for China's national conditions,but which are in a serious shortage,resulting in constant failure of western constitutionalism for not according with China's national condition.And he himself was caught in a embattled state because of therejection from various social strata,being assassinated eventually,leaving behind a profound lesson.