A Research On The Constitutionalism Ideology Of Conservative Proposition Of The Constitutional Advocators In The Constitutional Reform Of The Late Qing Dynasty

A variety of drastic and frequent fluctuations was one of the significant characteristics in the late decades of Qing Dynasty, which had never emerged in the history before. As a profound social and political transformation, the reform of the late Qing Dynasty touched upon exceedingly far-ranging fields within the whole society; as well, its influence could not be negligible. The constitutional reform of the late Qing Dynasty---a political restructuring of extreme significance---has become a crucial history, which deserves far more attentions.During such an unprecedented and constitutional monarchy-centered transformation, propositions and theories related to Constitutionalism presented a pluralistic state. My research chooses one of various transformations---the constitutional reform of the late Qing Dynasty---as the setting of my own analysis, on the basis of which I will elaborate that why the Qing Government would like to choose the constitution as the main direction of its political restructuring;besides,this dissertation will analyze the Constitutional advocators---the most active political group coming from the constitutional reform. Based on the analysis of the construction of the Constitutional advocators, my discussion will pick the conservative proposition of the Constitutional advocators as the object.In the process of elucidating such an intense confrontation referring to the concepts and theories of Constitutionalism, I prefer to choose the following aspects to further my discussion:the constitution of those constitutional advocators who hold conservative views, its activities and its essential theory basis.The main view point regarding the opposition party of the constitutional reform is that they are all culturally-conservative and ideologically-dated. After analyzing the historical background of the constitutional reform of the late Qing Dynasty, and furthermore, on the basis of the comparison between the constitutional advocators who hold conservative views and those support opposite standpoints, my dissertation will illustrate the conservative proposition of the constitutional ideology; moreover, as far as I am concerned, the conservative viewpoint may not be equaled to outdated or unenlightened. As well, from my perspective, we could not neglect or even denial those people who held conservative posture for the only reason of the disparate standpoints and approaches.Conversely, it (the conservative proposition of constitutional advocators) would be viewed as more pervasive and more of rationality because of its rational viewpoint regarding the western constitutionalism system and its theory of localized and specialized reformation. Of course, we can not neglect the abandonment of the conservative proposition of the constitutional advocators in terms of the theory and practical clash. There are quite a lot of reasons for the failure of their suggestions, such as, their requirements of constitutional monarchy imitating Meiji Reform, the bureaucratic group of familiarly political operation and the cultivation of various factors related to the establishment of the constitutionalism. All of those elements could not be nurtured in that special history period because of the time limitation. Existing political-economic condition and the final choice of the Qing Dynasty led it (the conservative proposition of constitutional advocators) to be difficult in taking its own steps.From a particular angle, such a special failure may endow us more meaningful and constructive introspection and discussion.From my perspective, the conservative proposition of the constitutional ideology and theory also requires us to examine and reflect renewedly on the way of constructing a constitutional state in China.