| The Western Zhou Dynasty is a relatively important period in the history of Chinese language development.And it connected with the Shang Dynasty and the period of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period,which there were nearly three hundred years.The study of Chinese language in the Western Zhou Dynasty is an indispensable part of the study of ancient Chinese.Compared with the literature of the Western Zhou Dynasty,the most important unearthed documents——the inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty,although the number is huge and the content is complex,research is relatively weak.Existing research had a lot of problems,such as:the applied linguistic theories are not new enough,the method is based on giving examples,few exhaustive descriptions and studies and so on.With the increase of language materials,the increase of textual level and the development of the linguistic theories and achievements in Chinese grammar,the syntactic study of the Western Zhou Dynasty,in particular,the study of some special sentence patterns urgently needs further deepening.This article takes《Ji Cheng》and the newly published inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty as the research object.In view of the characteristics of the corpus,we learned from the method of studying on special books,did exhaustive statistics and analysis and conducted effective qualitative analysis.We also have done a diachronic comparative study to research on the development of all kinds of sentence patterns.Seven important sentence patterns are carefully examined in this paper,namely judgment sentence、A sentence marked with “you”and“zai”,facultative statement、dative construction、verbal expression in series and paratactic sentence.Combined with the literature of the Western Zhou Dynasty、the oracle bone inscriptions and the language materials of the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States Period,we analyzed the diachronic changes of the above seven sentence patterns.We also used the theories and methods of language typology、grammaticalization、cognitive grammar and semantic map to discuss the expression types and pragmatic strategies of chinese judgment sentences in the period of Shang and Western Zhou Dynasty,to research the grammaticalization of the verb "you" in the pre Qin Chinese,to analyze the semantic type of the sentence marked with“zai”,to study the relationship between facultative statement and dynamic expression and to explore the sentence pattern evolution of dative construction etc. |
