People's Subject Theory

The conception of the people's subjectivity is an important viewpoint of Marx's historical materialism and the essential feature of the Marxist Party that is different from other parties.Following the logic of from history to reality,from theory to practice,from problem to cause,from goal to countermeasure,this dissertation,falling into five parts including an introduction and four chapters,analyzes the theoretical logic process,the profound connotationand the practical basis of people's principal position.It further probes into the great achievements and major problems,causes and countermeasures of the development of the people's principal position since the founding of the new China.The introduction mainly introduces the research background,literature review both at home and abroad,the research principles and methods,and possible innovation of this research.The research background illustrates the importance and necessity of choosing this topic from three aspects,including the political basis,the practical basis and the theoretical basis.Literature review both at home and abroad summaries the domestic and foreign scholars' research achievements on related concepts and theories of the people's principal position,of which the focus and direction are different in accordance with different focus between the domestic and the abroad.For example,the domestic focus on the concept of "the people"," the people's subjectivity",and more attention is paid on the theory of "the people's sovereignty" abroad.Mainly guided by Marxism doctrine,especially historical materialism,the principles of the research are people-oriented,scientific and innovative.The research methods include combination of historical investigation and logical analysis,combination of fact description and value evaluation,combination of key analysis and general narration,as well as combination of theoretical research and the practical advancement.The main difficulties of the research include large span of time,theoretical analysis and application in practice.The possible innovations are mainly in topics,ideas and views: For example,the article demonstrates the meaning of the people's subjectivity from three angles,including the significance of ontology,axiology and epistemology.What's more,it summarizes the achievement indicators and basic requirements of the people's subjectivity from three aspects,namely,effective protection of the rights of the people,equal participation by the people in themanagement of public affairs,and the right of the people to carry out effective supervision and restriction on the public power.Besides,it puts forward some measures to promote the realization of the people's subjectivity in economic,political and cultural fields.The theoretical logic processof the people's subjectivity mainly clarifies the historical context and development direction of the people's principal idea,combs the people-oriented thought contained in Chinese traditional culture as well as humanism and humanistic philosophy in the West.It introduces the forms of people's sovereignty in the West and its realization principles,which focus on the interpretation of Marxist thought on people's subjectivity.It also summarizes the theoretical achievements on the people's subjectivity by Mao Zedong,Deng Xiaoping,Jiang Zemin,Hu Jintao and Xi Jinping,who are representative Marxists in China.Especially,in the new era of Xi Jinping as the Prime Minster,the ideology of socialism with Chinese characteristics is rich in the conception of the people's subjectivity,such as the fundamental principle of adhering to the people's principal position,adhering to the people's standpoint,sharing a common fate with the people,adhering to development for the people,promoting the overall development of the people,ensuring the people sharing development fruits,improving people's livelihood,practicing the fundamental principles of new development ideas,etc.These provide a basic theoretical guidance for the study of the people's subjectivity.The core and most important concepts and conclusions of the article are mainly concentrated on chapter Two of the theoretical analysis of the basic conception of the people's subjectivity."The people" contains three progressive meanings.It first refers to the overwhelming majority of the members in the society,except for the "Non people" who are the minority.The second meaning is to emphasize the actual undertaker of life--the vast ordinary laborers.The third meaning is that the people are the opposite of the enemy.At the present stage in China,it mainly refers to every citizen(except for the criminals who have been deprived of political rights according to law).Through the interpretation of the related concept of the people's subjectivity,the core meaning of the concept is derived.The people are masters of the country and the masters of the society.In the interpretation of the core concepts of the people's subjectivity,we try to clarify the relationship between the concept and other people-centered ideas of the communist party of China,such as the mass line,servingthe people,and development for the people.This article explains the meaning of the people's subjectivity in three dimensions.Viewing from ontology,the people are the main body of the productive forces,the foundation of the country and the master of an ideal society.Viewing from axiology,the people are the subject of value(subject of value creation,value evaluation and value enjoyment),and the people's values are diversified,the ultimate goal of the social development is to realize the freedom and full development of the people.Viewing from the epistemology,the people are the most important subject of cognition.The people's cognition promotes their practice.The realization of the people's subjectivity requires that the people's rights should be guaranteed,the people are equally involved in the management of public affairs,and the people can effectively supervise and restrict the public power.The history of the principle position of the people in China is illustrated.It is believed that since the founding of the People's Republic of China,the principle position of the people has been consolidated,harvesting great achievements.However,there are still some problems,including the inefficiencies in the protection of the people's rights and in people's participation,and the ineffectiveness of people's supervision and balance.The main factors causing these problems are remains of the feudal ideology of official ethics,the solidified bottleneck of interest structure and the marginalization of social mainstream ideology.The practical promotion path of the people's subjectivity main idea is the ultimate goal.First of all,we should give full play to the initiative of the people as masters of the country: to cultivate the consciousness of the people's ownership and to improve the independent quality of the people through education;to strengthen the people's autonomy by improving the legal system and to ensure the full implementation of the Constitution and law on the people' sovereignty rights.Secondly,we should actively create social conditions for the realization of the people's subjectivity in economic,political and cultural fields: energetically developing the economy,adhering to people sharing development fruits,realizing the rational decentralization of the social and economic resources and the goal of common prosperity,actively promoting democracy and solving the problem arising in the political participation by the people,strengthening the vitality of political development,flourishing the advanced socialist culture,creating conditions for the spiritual freedom of the people,and ensuring the realization of the cultural rights andinterests of the people.Last but not least,it is proposed that the practice of the people's subjectivity depends on dealing with the relationship between the people and the Communist Party of China.We must uphold both the leadership of the Party and the status of the people as subjects,and unify the two through the rule of law.