?The Study On The Economic Life Of The Scholar-bureaucrats In The Song Dynasty?

The song dynasty was an age that put more emphasis on literature than on military affairs.The State selects officials by imperial examination.The song dynasty's political system and bureaucratic selection system created a relatively large number of scholar-officials.As a group of literati and bureaucrat,the literati and officialdom not only formed a certain scale,but also had distinct characteristics in their economic activities.The common group characteristics,era characteristics and individual differences coexist,presenting a colorful picture of the economic life of the literati and officialdom in the song dynasty.This paper mainly takes the economic life of the scholar-bureaucrat group in the tang and song revolutionary dynasties as the research object,discusses the formation of this group and the socio-economic activities centering on the scholar-bureaucrat group,mainly from four aspects:First,analyze the rise,composition and scale of the scholar-officials group in song dynasty.This paper mainly analyzes the relationship between literati politics and literati groups in the song dynasty,discusses the internal influence of the development of the imperial examination system and the prosperity of economy and culture on the rise of literati groups,then expounds the main composition and group size of literati groups in the song dynasty,and outlines the overall portrait of literati groups in the song dynasty.Second,expatiate the income source of the scholar-officials in song dynasty.The main source of income of scholar-officials came from the salary and the remuneration of teaching.Among them,salary is the main income of scholar-bureaucrats,and some scholar-bureaucrats get remuneration by teaching through their academic accomplishments.In addition to these income,the scholar-officials in the song dynasty were in a period of relatively developed commodity economy.The flood tide of commodity economy enabled some scholar-officials to have more income sources,and some scholar-officials' income sources were diversified,namely,the characteristic income represented by operating income and creative income.Third,this chapter explores the consumption life of scholar-officials in song dynasty.Taking su shi as a case study,this chapter analyzes the daily consumption,social consumption,cultural consumption and other economic activities of scholar-officials.On this basis,this chapter summarizes the consumption types and characteristics of scholar-officials in song dynasty.Fourth,it discusses the family financial management of scholar-officials in song dynasty,which mainly includes three aspects:To discuss the property investment of scholar-officials in song dynasty,that is,the investment income of scholar-officials in land,commerce and private lending.To analyze the property management of scholar-bureaucrat families,that is,to understand the property management and division of scholar-bureaucrat groups in families through family motto.Taking yizhuang as an example,this paper discusses the management and mutual assistance of the family property of the scholar-bureaucrats in song dynasty.This paper is an attempt to systematically study the economic life of scholar-officials in the song dynasty,the characteristics of the article are mainly embodied in three aspects.First,it is based on the background of social change in Tang and Song Dynasties.Second,based on the characteristics of the times in which the scholar-officials lived in the song dynasty,a useful historical comparison was made.Third,based on the status of scholar-officials,and investigate the differences within the scholar-officials group,so as to summarize the characteristics of the economic life of scholar-officials in the song dynasty as a whole.The article holds that:Firstly,the scholar-officials were involved in the tide of commodity economy consciously or unconsciously under the great era of tang and song revolutionary dynasties.During the tang and song dynasties,many social and economic changes took place,including the establishment of private property rights of land,rapid development of commodity economy and greater social mobility.The background of this era had a profound impact on the social and economic life of the scholar-bureaucrats in the song dynasty,so that their income composition,consumption activities and investment and financial management were obviously reflected.Secondly,the economic life of the scholar-officials in the song dynasty was adapted to their status and was different from that of ordinary people.One is their income source is opposite diversification,intellectual labor income is in the majority.Second,their income and expenditure level is relatively high and stable,which is mainly reflected in their daily life consumption,which emphasizes consumption etiquette and quality,and attaches importance to status symbols,that is,social consumption and cultural consumption account for a higher proportion than ordinary people.Third,there are differences in the internal consumption of literati and literati groups,which are caused by many factors.Fourth,attach importance to financial management and family property management,and highlight the importance of this group to education,family and career planning.The economic life of the scholar-officials in the song dynasty involved family financial management,family property management and mutual assistance,etc.,which more reflected this group's attention to education and their stable family status.Thirdly,the economic life of the scholar-officials in the song dynasty had distinct characteristics of the times.Most of them lacked the support of powerful families,and they entered the civil service through the imperial examinations.Under the background of civil politics,the scholar-bureaucrats in the song dynasty attached great importance to education and imperial examinations,and the main goal of their life was to "learn and become an official if you are excellent".In order to maintain a stable family business,most of them pay attention to economic income,and the source of income diversification.Among them,some scholar-bureaucrats also involved in commercial operation,land lease,cultural creation,property investment and other fields.To make family peace and stability,they are very value family culture within the family,so some scholars who were rich paid attention to the family in property investment,property management,property and mutual assistance and mutual knot in-laws,continue to create conditions for native sons passed the imperial officials as much as possible,thus the stable family economic and cultural status.