Discussion About Origin On Ci Poetry Of Scholar-bureaucrat In Tang Dynasty And Five Dynasties

Wang Guowei's Commentaries on Lyrical Work recorded that when Li Yu appeared,the visions and feelings of Ci became larger and deeper,then changed the style of Ci from Ling gong to Scholar-bureaucrat.This sentence affirmed the importance of Li Yu's Ci,and put forward the concept about Ci Poetry of Scholar-bureaucrat for the first time.Ci Poetry of Scholar-bureaucrat,seeps in and shows a kind of spirit of Scholar-bureaucrat in literati class.The essence of this spirit is a kind of concern.It is rooted in the inherent sense of responsibility and the sense of hardship,reflects the broad sense and deep thinking of the society,the people's livelihood and the historical development.It is also reflected in the great vision and deep emotion of Ci Poetry of Scholar-bureaucrat.In fact,there are a small number of Ci Poetry of Scholar-bureaucrat before Li Yu.Because of the large time span,the works of each period are scattered,so it is not easy to arouse people's attentions.Ci Poetry of Scholar-bureaucrat can be traced back to the early period of Tang Dynasty.Li Jingbo's Hui Bo Ci echos the allegorical meaning,showing concern for the court.Li Bai's Pu Sa Man and Yi Qin E,showing deep feelings and broad realms.In Mid Tang Dynasty,6 poets created Ci Poetry of Scholar-bureaucrat,with a total of 28 works.In these works showed care about social reality and people's livelihood.The content of this kind of Ci,has begun to focus on many aspects of the country and society.Such as Dai Shulun's Zhuan Ying Ci reflects the soldiers' life in the frontier,and Liu Yuxi's Zhu Zhi reflects the people's livelihood.The style of these works mainly with natural beauty.The specific expressions are the form with simple beauty,similar to the language features of folk songs as well as the poets occasionally involved in the creation of Ci.In the selection and use of Ci Diao,these Ci Poetry of Scholar-bureaucratin addition to the use of evolution from the imperial music such as San Tai,Lang Tao Sha,as well as in accordance with the new music,such as Tiao Xiao and Guang Zhe Xian Yuan.In Late Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties,Ci Poetry of Scholar-bureaucrat inherits some characteristics of Mid Tang Dynasty,also have new changes.Firstly,the poets increased.There are 12 poets who created Ci Poetry of Scholar-bureaucrat among the famous poets in Late Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties,and a total of 26 works.In the12 poets,5 people had turncoats experiences.The mood and heart of the sentimental for social care but has not disappeared.They still showed care in their creations.The contents of Ci related to the subjects,reflected poets' feelings about social changes.In addition to the continuation of Mid Tang Dynasty,the contents adds new thinking about history and society.This phenomenon had close relationship with background of Late Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties.Secondly,the style of these works gradually become exquisite,with graceful emotional expressions,and pay attention to the elegant language.Thirdly,the using of Ci Diao showed diversified characteristics.In addition to use Yang Liu Zhi in Mid Tang Dynasty,also used a source of other imperial music in Tang Dynasty such as Jiu Quan Zi,Huan Xi Sha,Ding Xi Fan and Gan Zhou Zi.At the same time,new music like He Chuan,Jiang Cheng Zi,Si Yue Ren appeared in Late Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties.Ci Poetry of Scholar-bureaucrat developed such a step by step and continue to be more perfect.