A Study On Qiuci Culture And Literature Of The Tang And Five Dynasties

Ancient Qiuci is located on the main road of the Silk Road,the core of which lies in today's Kuche,Aksu and other places and is also an oasis on the edge of the Taklamakan Desert.It brings together the essence of Chinese culture,ancient India,Greek and Roman culture,and gathers politics,religion and art in one place.In Tang Dynasty,Qiuci,was the place where Anxi Frontier Command was located to govern the four Anxi towns to protect the government.The integration of the Tang culture and Western culture promoted the prosperity of Qiuci and the literature under the influence of Qiuci culture also flourished.This thesis takes Qiuci Culture and literature of the Tang and Five Dynasties as the research object,and intends to carry on the interdisciplinary,cross-cultural,integrating and extensive research under the background of Qiuci Culture and literature of the Tang and Five Dynasties,which are independent respectively.Based on the relevance of culture to literature and influence of the former on the latter,this thesis combines unearthed literature and field investigations to carry on multifaceted and diversified exploration.It focuses on the excavation of the relationship between the Qiuci Culture and literature of the Tang and Five Dynasties in two aspects:firstly,Qiuci Culture made unique contribution to literature of the Tang and Five Dynasties,of which Kumarajiva translated scriptures served as the representative of the Qiuci Buddist Culture;the thesis also explores the influences of the Qiuci Buddhism,language,music and dance and the fresco culture on contents,types and performing ways of drama in the Tang and Five Dynasties.Secondly,important cultural relics discovered in Xinjiang,such as the texts of the Tocharian version "Maitrisimit",the frescoes of the Qiuci Grottoes,and unearthed cultural relics are used as the important references to study the relations between Qiuci Culture and literature of the Tang and Five Dynasties.The thesis consists of six chapters.It employs two clues,integrated research and case analysis,to lay out the structure of the thesis,and is based on specific issues.The main topics include six aspects.Chapter one probes into the translation of Kumarajiva scriptures and the Buddhist implications of Wang Wei's poetry and prose.The translation of Kumarajiva scriptures,as the main representative of Qiuci Buddhist culture,serves as the entry point of this chapter.Wang Wei,a typical poet in Tang Dynasty,is selected to examine the influence of the settings,the use of metaphors,literary imagination,Gatha and translations and argumentation of Kumarajiva scriptures on Wang Wei's poetic writing.Chapter two studies the Tocharian version "Maitrisimit" influenced by Qiuci Buddhism.It begins with Qiuci Buddhist Culture and Qiuci Linguistic Culture to explore the profound influence of Qiuci Culture on the Tocharian "Maitrisimit".Secondly,by comparing the textual elements and formal features of the Tocharian"Maitrisimit" and its two different versions,this chapter confirms the nature of the drama style of the Tang Dynasty of the Tocharian "Maitrisimit".Lastly,it discusses the influence of the Tocharian version "Maitrisimit" on telling and singing literature of later generations.Chapter three focuses on the Qiuci frescoes and drama in the Tang and Five Dynasties.By analyzing the inspiration of the Qiuci music and dance murals for theatrical performances and the settings,the significance of the contents of the stories and the feature of secularization of the Qiuci murals for the formation of script contents and the selection of dramatic plots,and the influence of the three kinds of composition methods of the Qiuci frescoes on the structures of drama,this chapter aims to explore the important role of the Qiuci frescoes in the development of drama in the Tang and Five Dynasties and future generations.Chapter four demonstrates Qiuci Music and Dance Culture and song and dance drama in the Tang and Five Dynasties.It discusses the prosperity of the Qiuci Song and Dance and its relationship with the culture of the Qiuci music and dance;it selects the typical representatives of the Tang Dynasty operas,"Su Muzhe","Bo Tou" and Lion Dance,to interpret the dramatic and stylistic features of the various songs and dances,and then analyze the influence of Qiuci Music and Dance Culture on song and dance drama in the Tang and Five Dynasties.Chapter five discusses the local literature of Qiuci during the Tang and Five Dynasties.It concentrates on the legends of Qiuci and the Buddhist stories of Qiuci in the literary works of the Tang and Five Dynasties,which were formed on the basis of Qiuci locals and anecdotes to explore the abundant contents of the Qiuci culture implied in themThe sixth chapter discusses the names and descriptions of things of Qiuci in the literature works of the Tang and Five Dynasties.It select two types of the names and descriptions of things that can best reflect the characteristics of Qiuci's native culture:One is Hichiriki,the names and descriptions of things of "Music and Dance",which is used to demonstrate the homogeneity tendency of Hichiriki with the reed tube in the expression of Tang poetry;the other is the names and descriptions of things of tools like Qiuci pillow,Qiuci board,Qiuci pot,which were used as the symbols of the Qiuci culture and the literary imagery with unique charm.They were presented in the Tang and Five Dynasties literature and became an important link between the Qiuci Culture and the literature of the Central Plains of China.