Research On The Evolution Of Ethnic Culture During Tourism Development In The Minority Region Of Southwest China

In recent years,tourism has been growing rapidly in autonomous region of southwest China.The arrival of the tourists has caused economical,social,and cultural evolution to varying extent in these tourist destinations,which is ultimately reflected comprehensively through culture.Nevertheless,due to the variations in each destination's own conditions and environments,and the differences in the types of tourists and their behavioral patterns,the degrees of cultural evolution and the influencing factors in various tourist destinations are different.Most of the cultural evolution has been studied from the perspective of evolution or in-variance and previous studies have raised no doubts that the development of tourism is the driving force for the cultural evolution.However,like other things,the continuous development and evolving of culture is by its own development law and norm.External forces may play a role in guiding and changing the pace,extent,and direction of cultural evolution,and even causing a change of nature.Tourism acts as a form of peaceful and unique industry,and the comprehensive benefits it brings to the tourist destinations deserve some attention.The paper studies the tourism industry,which first appeared after the reform and opening-up,in the minority region of southwest China,as well as the cultural evolution under its influence.The paper conducts an interdisciplinary research on economics,management,and tourism,with the support of the relevant theories of culturology,anthropology,tourism and other related disciplines.The study investigates the impact of economic and social development and the particularity of tourism on cultural evolution,in the context of globalization and modernization,by using of the relevant statistical data,as well as archives and field work of government agencies and tourism sectors.In order to grasp the nature,dimensions,and extent of the cultural evolution and reconstitution in the minority region in a more accurate and objective manner,so as to offer theoretical support and a practical framework for the all-around development of the region,the author attempts to reveal the intrinsic connection between tourism development and cultural evolution and to explore the mechanism of self-development,renewal,and transformation of ethnic culture in the course of the formation of market economy,government management,and intercultural communications in the context of tourism encounter,using methods of model construction and data analysis.In detail,the paper has selected 14 autonomous prefectures for ethnic minorities in Sichuan,Guizhou,and Yunnan Province,and 13 prefecture-level cities in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,as the specific scope of research.The logic train of thoughts of the study is raising a question--theoretical and qualitative research--model construction--empirical test--conclusion and analysis.The author analyzes the mechanism of cultural evolution during the process of tourism development in the minority region of southwest China and attempts to construct a theoretical model,applying the techniques of literature study and qualitative research,and then applies the field work method to acquire the relevant data.Through descriptive analysis of the data,quality inspection of the questionnaire,and factor analysis,an evaluation is carried out on the cultural evolution in the southwest ethnic region.By regression analysis the author verifies the influence of tourism development on the ethnic cultural evolution in southwest China.The study has come to the following fundamental conclusions.1.Cultural acculturation is the major type of cultural evolution in the southwest ethnic region in the back of tourism development.What is the mechanism of cultural evolution in the process of tourism development?What are the characteristics of this evolution?What end results will the evolution bring about to the destinations and the culture itself?The author has analyzed the resultant practices of cultural acculturation,based upon the host-guest relationship in culturology and anthropology and the logical starting point of the cultural acculturation,and by choosing the angle of the impact in a deeper level brought about by realistic host-guest relationship generated in tourism activities and the cultural evolution caused by the influx of foreign cultures into the tourist destinations.Cultural acculturation has led the native cultures to evolve into four end results,namely cultural marginalization,cultural resistance,cultural integration and cultural assimilation.Due to the lack of practical significance of cultural marginalization in tourism development,the cultural acculturation in the process of tourism development is summarized by the three different results of cultural resistance,cultural integration and cultural assimilation.2.The cultural evolution in the southwest ethnic region is comprehensive,imbalanced and diverse during the process of tourism developmentIncluding ethnic characteristics,environmental cost,population stratification,and so on,there are 7 dimensions and 28 items during the cultural evolution under the influence of tourism development in the southwest ethnic region,which are diverse and comprehensive.According to the three-dimensional structure of culture,the cultural evolution as a result of tourism development is split into seven scales from the three aspects of material,system,and spiritual culture,thus generating the corresponding questionnaire.The data was collected based on the residents'perception of cultural evolution,and then analyzed and processed using the factor analysis method.Finally,seven dimensions of cultural evolution are explicated,including ethnic group characteristics,environmental cost,population stratification,behavioral pattern,social relations,ideological awareness and psychological culture.Collectively,the seven dimensions embody the homogeneity and diversity of the culture,and the basic characteristics of the centre of human relations or personal,interpersonal absolute harmony and relative competition.In general,the key components of cultural evolution in tourism development are the omnidirectional and comprehensive development of the ethnic culture that are directly related to tourism,from the outside to the inside,and from material to spirits.3.Tourism mainly in a positive manner promotes the evolution of ethnic culture towards modernizationThe development of tourism promotes the continuous evolution of the ethnic culture towards homogenization,rationalization and secularization.The culture has been constantly evolving,and the development of tourism affects the patterns and characteristics of its evolution.This paper analyzes the influence mechanism of the ethnic culture and its seven dimensions from the perspectives of economic development,institutional environment,and residents development in the tourist destinations which are included in the tourism development,with the help of the relevant theories and based on the particularity of the southwest ethnic region.The results reveal that the development of tourism promotes the transition and evolution of the ethnic culture in a positive manner,and with the impact of economy on tourism development in the destinations as the driving force.It is constantly promoting the development and evolution of the ethnic culture towards modernization.4.Participatory development is the concrete practice of the inheriting and carrying forward of the ethnic culture in the southwest ethnic regionThe comprehensive diversity of cultural evolution under the influence of tourism development is the omnidirectional embodiment of the residents' appeals,which entails the two basic appeals of utility and self-identity in ethnic culture.The inheritance and promotion of ethnic culture is the final result of the realization of such basic appeals,and participatory development is an effective way of maintaining the balance and ultimately realizing the appeals.The local residents at the tourist destinations in southwest China have little or no subsistence rights or development rights in the course of tourism development,which not only weakens them in the mutual game among tourism stakeholders,but also unbalances their basic appeals,thus changing the trend of ethnic cultural inheritance and promotion.Based on this reality and with the help of the empowerment theory,this paper proposes the re-practice of inheriting and carrying forward the ethnic culture in the southwest China's ethnic region,through the economical,political,social and psychological empowerment,the establishment of the vision and mission,as well as interests and other incentives and the leading of the ethnic elite.This paper is a little breakthrough in the research perspective,methods and conclusions.In terms of research perspective,firstly the research has chosen the residents in the tourist destinations as the main ethnic cultural body for study,which has given the conclusions on the cultural evolution dimensions and degrees a more objective status,highlighting the principle of "I am in charge of my affairs".Meanwhile,from the viewpoint of the destination residents,it has greater operability and practicability to put forward the practice of ethnic cultural inheritance and promotion.Secondly,taking cultural evolution as the research perspective,the binary judgment of the development of tourism can be overcome,and the significance and function of the tourism industry can be appraised more comprehensively.With regards to research methods,based on literature research and qualitative analysis,the field work method is used to obtain the data of cultural evolution in the course of the development of regional tourism.The cultural evolution is studied by quantitative assessment through data processing,and the impact mechanism of the tourism development and ethnic cultural evolution is analyzed and verified by regression analysis.Regarding research conclusions,firstly the significance of tourism development is elaborated from the perspective of the development and conservation of ethnic cultural characteristics and the residents' development in the destinations.Secondly,the ethnic cultural evolution in the tourism development of the southwest ethnic region is characterized by comprehensive diversity.Thirdly,under the influence of the development of tourism in the southwest ethnic region,the ethnic culture has evolved to varying degrees and such evolution is imbalanced in nature.Fourthly,the development of tourism has a predominant positive impact on the ethnic cultural evolution,with the impact of economy on tourism development in the destinations as the driving force.Finally,it is proposed that participatory development is the concrete practice of inheriting and carrying forward the ethnic culture in southwest China.To sum up,this paper takes the cultural evolution in the context of tourism development in the southwest ethnic region as the research object,from the perspective of the residents and cultural evolution at the tourist destinations,utilizing a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods,analyzing the significance of tourism on the development of the southwest ethnic region,exploring the deconstruction and reconstruction processes of ethnic culture in the context of tourism development,and the patterns and characteristics of ethnic cultural evolution in this course,leveraging which to discuss detailed practices of realizing modernization in the southwest ethnic region.