The Settlement Changes In The Neolithic Age And The Early Society In Liaoxi Area

Society in Liaoxi Area Located in the northeast part of China and the zone of transition of Mongolian Plateau and North China Plain,Liaoxi area is the important geographic position because it is the intermediate zone linking the northeast part of China with the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River,and it is also one of six prehistoric areas put forward by Mr.Su Bingqi.In the thesis,the settlement in the Neolithic Age in this area was taken as the object of study;the changes of settlement and the early society evolution were analyzed on the basis of comprehensively combing the materials;the background and power of the evolution were discussed;the regional characteristics of settlement patterns in the Neolithic Age in Liaoxi area was concluded by means of comparison;meanwhile,the reasons of forming the regional characteristics were illustrated in three aspects of ecologic forms,cultural regions and spiritual culture.The whole thesis is divided into ten chapters.The chapter I is the introduction.The space-time range and the object of study were defined in this part;the archaeological practice and the brief history of researches related to the settlement in the Neolithic Age in Liaoxi area were retrospected;the inadequacies of the current research situations and the existence were analyzed,on the basis of which,the objective,trains of thoughts and methods of this thesis were put forward,some key terminologies were explained as well.The chapter II is the establishment of time frame.The time frame of the study and time position of the main settlement ruins were established through combing previous achievements of archaeological culture periodization;and the related settlement ruins in this thesis were divided into five periods in combination of archaeological discovery,so as to provide basis of periodization and time for the following studies in the aspects of settlement patterns,etc..The chapter III to chapter VII are the specific analysis on the settlement patterns in various periods.In this part,the settlement of various periods were comprehensively and systematically combed in the aspects of elements of settlement composition,settlement patterns and plane layout,as well as regional settlement patterns,so as to clarify the shape,structure,nature of ruins in settlements,the layout and evolution of single settlement,the distribution and organization of regional settlement,etc..During the investigation,the regional difference of settlement changes of different stages and different ranges in the same period were fully concerned.Additionally,the ruins related to ecological forms,professionalized pottery production and spiritual cultural life in different periods were also analyzed,so as to lay the foundation for later discussion of early society.The chapter VIII is the research on the research on the settlement changes in the Neolithic Age and the early society in Liaoxi area.After the emergence period of the early settlement in the Neolithic Age,Liaoxi area experienced four development stages from simpleness to gradual complexity and to sudden declination,including expansion stage in the middle period of the Neolithic Age,development stage in the early stage of late period of the Neolithic Age,flourishing stage of post stage of late period of the Neolithic Age,as well as the declining stage of last period of the Neolithic Age.Meanwhile the characteristics of various stages were analyzed and concluded.According to the settlement changes and the regional features of the early society,Liaoxi area was divided into the southern central area and northern marginal area by taking Xar Moron River as the boundary.The main differences of the two areas are mainly reflected in the four aspects of the composition of single settlement and the settlement types,layout forms and evolution of single settlement,regional social organization,as well as the development level of spiritual life.It can be seen that the evolution of the settlement in the northern marginal area and the early society with lower development level apparently lagged behind that of the central area.Additionally,the part also discussed the natural environmental background,ecological form background and internal and external impetus to push settlement change and evolution of the early society in Xar Moron River in Liaoxi area.The chapter IX is the comparison research.Conducts the comparative analysis with the middle-and-lower reaches of the Yellow River and the far north regions,clarifies the characteristics of settlement patterns in Liaoxi Area,and believes that the three aspects,i.e.economic form,cultural location and spiritual field,jointly determine the particularity of Neolithic settlement patterns and early society in Liaoxi Area.During the rise and fall of Liaoxi Area,cultural tradition runs through the whole process and has sustainability;the location cultures in the North and in the South are compatible and special;the unique material culture foundation and spiritual culture foundation of hunting and gathering economic forms are fundamental.In a word,the Neolithic settlement patterns and the early society in Liaoxi Area have taken a unique development road of hunting and gathering economy.Based on the results of comparative study,this paper summarizes the changes of Neolithic settlements in the middle-and-lower reaches of the Yellow River,Liaoxi Area and far north regions as two development models.The chapter X is the conclusion.In the part,the innovative points and main achievements for the investigation were concluded,and the deficiencies of the thesis were pointed out.