Research On Crovernance Of Mount Tai In Ming And Qing Dynasties

This paper takes Mount Tai for example and focuses on its governance system in Ming and Qing dynasties.Overall,the planning of exterior space and the inner management mechanisms are analyzed in this paper by method of field investigation and historical documents reading,and the key features of Mount Tai’s governance system and the suggestions for the Scenic and Historical Area management are proposed in the end.The main research contents and conclusions of this paper are as follow.Above all,this paper teases out the evolution of Mount Tai’s governance system from Pre-Qin to Qing.Mount Tai governance from Pre-Qin dynasty to Qing dynasty could be divided in four stages,which are nature,political,religious and folk culture.Among the four stages,the Ming and Qing period are the most complex and concentrated phases as its particularity and typicality and uniformity.Secondly,in order to analyze the overall planning and program,the buildings distribution of Mount Tai in Ming and Qing dynasties are textual researched.The 191 buildings location from 3 areas and the scope of the city are determined according to the field survey and chorography.The buildings are mainly distributed in three areas,which are the main peak,city and branch range.Furthermore,the spatial features of Mount Tai in Ming and Qing dynasties are summarized from types and distribution.On the basis of the above research,the overall planning and program of Mount Tai in Ming and Qing arc analyzed from intention clearing,site testing and spatial distribution.(1)After the traditional seeking-water model and the city removed as the mountain model,the city becomes a complex that has four functions,which arc emperor worship,temple fair,mountain management and public service.(2)The natural environment of Mount Tai is a concentric nested structure that has the characteristics of’Negative yin-yang hold’ and ’mountain scat back surface water’,which is the nature foundation of city structure.(3)The overall arrangement of the Tai city and the building on Mount Tai arc followed the axis principle,and presents an artistic conception of ’inferno-man’s world-heaven’.As a result,the mountain-city mode provides a great material basis and space conditions for the inner system of governance.On the basis of spatial analysis,the inner management mechanism of Mount Tai in Ming and Qing are analyzed from management model,operational model,integrated management content and responsible organization.(1)After the unified management model and religion management model from Qin to Yuan dynasties,local management model becomes the main management system of Mount Tai in Ming and Qing dynasties.(2)The business contents of Mount Tai are entrance tax,tributes and street market.And the operational model could be divided in two:unified operation and separation operation.(3)The integrated management are consisted of the macro control by central government,resources management by various government and public and the funds management by central and local government.(4)The main stakeholders of Mount Tai are central governments,local governments,religious organizations,pilgrims and local communities.And these five stakeholders influence and restrict each other through the power and responsibility relationship and funds flow,that in order to establish a co-governance model.At the end of this paper,the characteristics about the governance model of Mount Tai in Ming and Qing dynasties are concluded,and the suggestions for the Scenic and Historical Area management are proposed.Over the whole,the strict axis between mountain and city and the mountain-city entirety spatial pattern are influenced by the emperor Feng-shan.Furthermore,this special spatial pattern promotes the tax back-feeding mechanism;otherwise,this tax mechanism protects the spatial pattern.Therefore,the spatial pattern and the inner mechanism interconnected each other,and then a coupling relationship could be setting up,which is the point about the governance system of Mount Tai in Ming and Qing dynasties.The coupling relationship not only can enforce the land intensification planning and multiple local economic system,but also unity the protection and utilization of resources.Four suggestions for the Scenic and Historical Area management are put forwarded by referencing the governance model of Mount Tai,which are establishing the unified planning and management model of mountain and city,the unified and classification management model,franchising systems,multiple funds channels and public participation system.