Market And Society From The Horizon Of Historical Materialism

Marx based his observation on the evolution of human social and economic forms on historical materialism.This means that the starting point of Marx's interpretation of human historical development is based on the exploration of the relationship between micro individual practice and macro social development.That is,the internal order formed by individual economic activities as the cornerstone of the overall structure of human society carries the development of other social relations.When viewed from the perspective of time,the social basis formed by individual economic activities becomes the internal power to form and promote the continuous progress of human history.In other words,from the perspective of history,the transformation of human social and economic forms actually means the transformation of a series of other social relations caused by the change of the economic structure at the bottom of the society,and these long duration at the macro level are also bound to be transmitted to the changes of individual practices in various ways.Therefore,the vicissitude between the feudal society and the capitalist society can be interpreted as the overall superiority of the market economy to the traditional natural economy.However,it is worth pondering that what mechanism the market economy follow to replace natural economy and how its emergence and development affected society.More importantly,how is this far-reaching transformation of economic mechanisms reflected in individual practice? Or further,how should the individual adjust his practice to better adapt to this irresistible change? In conclusion,it is necessary to study the transformation process of market economy replacing traditional natural economy and its influence on society from the perspective of historical materialism.People's daily life practice mainly revolves around the activities of three different attributes.Human practice therefore includes: the practice of achieving naturalattributes(spontaneous activities to maintain physical survival such as diet and sleep),the practice of achieving social attributes(activities in different relationship organizations to provide group significance)and the practice of achieving economic attributes(to provide material security for physical survival).Economic attribute activity is also the premise of natural attribute and social attribute activity.The mediating nature of practice(people connect themselves with the world through practice)naturally endows people with freedom of openness and equality.On the other hand,the natural order,artificial order and the quasi-natural order,which is generated by the group practice of human beings but also beyond the control of individual consciousness,are the objective conditions of practice and constrain the free nature of practice.Therefore,as a specific attribute of practical activities,economic activities(usually in the form of labor)also face the the two-way equilibrium problem between free nature of activities and order constraints.Since the mediation of labor is reflected in the creation and attribution of external objects,human labor in the market economy is bound to be subject to the dual order based on object creation and belongingness.At the same time,as the private ownership of means of production leads to the loss of the laborers' right to control the products of their labor,the situation that conflicts with the free nature of labor will eventually lead to the excessive development of the materialized mechanism resulting in the exclusion of natural and social activities from economic activities.However,to understand the formation process of the materialization mechanism caused by the development of market economy,we must go back to the historical observation to get a clue.Through the structural analysis of the development history of market economy in Western Europe,this paper presents the development track of market economy mechanism in history from the horizon of historical materialism.On this basis,this paper analyzes the causes of the great changes in the social and economic forms in Western Europe caused by the development of market economy and its influencing mechanism of reforming nature,society and people.Based on the analysis of the differences and historical changes of the organization modes and structures ofIII production(division of labor and technology),consumption(distribution)and exchange(currency)in the pre-market economy period and the market economy period in Western Europe,it can be found that: market economy promotes the flow of goods and labor with the help of the currency between the traditional natural economic carrier,the rural space,and the new space,the city,which is created by market economy itself and totally different from the rural,and gradually complete the process of commodity fiction of land and labor until the traditional natural economy is finally disintegrated.In this process,with the development of market economy in history,human survival is involved in the deepening process of materialization.It is specifically embodied in the facts that laborers must seek the opportunity that combines with mobile means of production ceaselessly to obtain survival;the capitalized production mode of labor objects will make labor products show more complicated alienation characteristics and dismember the integrity of human life;the labor process based on deep division of labor presents the characteristics of syphoning extraction and utilization of all resources(means of production)and labor force in the breadth of scale and depth of specialization.Based on the foregoing theoretical construction and historical review,firstly,the part at the end of this paper has clarified the right order of life practice of three-the natural attribute,social attribute and economic attribute,and has accordingly discussed the disorder of three attributes and its impact on human survival under the condition of market economy.In addition,it has furtherly analyzed the situation of reinforced disorder of these three attributes due to the positioning errors of mainstream ideology in the market economy era.Secondly,starting from the analysis of the internal contradictions in the market structure,the paper further presents the manifestation of the contradictions between the market and society,which is caused by the structural contradictions in the market.That is to say,under the condition of market economy,the unbalanced basic characteristics of the distribution of results caused by the unbalanced possession of resources are the prerequisite for the distortion of the natural,social and economic attribute activity structure of individual life and the serious imbalance of the wealth distribution of social classes.Finally,thepaper summarizes the main way that market economy leads to the alienation of human existence and explores the corresponding way of balance.In short,to save the human destiny,the human being must curb market economy to erosion and control as a beginning,protect the fundamental natural and social demand of human being not to be encroached,establish the field of social life concerning public well-being to take non-market management,and cultivate the communities giving full play to individual s and societies according to local conditions.Which is the basis of resisting the excessive economic power control and hierarchical system restriction.The innovation of this paper lies in the following aspects: Firstly,it provides a basis for analyzing the impact of the formation and development of market economy on human survival on the macro level through the construction of individual living practice categories and their possible conditions on the micro level.In other words,this paper tries to explain the alienation of man by the materialization mechanism caused by the in-depth development of market economy and explore the possible way of balance by analyzing the impact of the development of market economy on the individual living practice structure at the micro level.Secondly,it analyzes the economic structure,social structure,action structure and historical changes with the intermediary analysis method,and understands the historical changes as the intermediary transformation of the conditions of practical activities.On this basis,the space analysis method is introduced into the analysis of historical change,from the angle of the heterogeneous space formation and its content exchange,and it interprets the process and mechanism of the market economy gradually replacing natural economy and eventually becoming the new and mainstream logic of organizing social economy.And it also deems that the fission of space is one of the underlying structure leading to the transformation of traditional society to modern society.Of course,both the market and the society belong to the complex giant system,and the thinking and exploration of the relationship between the market and the society is a difficult project requiring multi-disciplinary and multi-angle research.The research idea of this paper can be regarded as an attempt to provide a new interpretation perspective of this grand and far-reaching proposition.