Comparison Of Chinese And Vietnamese Euphemisms And The Teaching Of Vietnamese

Euphemism is a linguistic phenomenon,but also a cultural phenomenon.It can be said that euphemism is a culture expressed through language.In daily social communication,people sometimes need to express some subtle things or unspeakable words,but these topics are inconvenient to express directly,so they contribute to the emergence of a large number of euphemisms.Euphemism can clearly reflect the members of social groups on the natural phenomena in daily life or the cultural and moral views of people in the body of things.Euphemism is not only a purely linguistic problem,but also shows a country,a nation's traditional culture,customs and cultural psychology contained in every move.With the development of society,the more people pay attention to civility and politeness,but also more and more use of euphemism,euphemism is gradually developing into an indispensable part of daily communicative language.At present,with the deepening cooperation between China and Vietnam,strengthening the mutual learning between Chinese and Vietnamese can further promote friendly exchanges between China and Vietnam.In this paper,we mainly use comparative analysis,multi-angle,multi-level,all-round in-depth comparison of the similarities and differences between Chinese and Vietnamese euphemism,elucidate the cultural influencing factors of Chinese and Vietnamese euphemism,and then discuss the teaching practice of Mandarin language in Vietnam,in order to achieve the unity of theory and practice.The main text of this paper is divided into five chapters,the main contents are as follows:The first chapter makes a comparative analysis of the composing means of Chinese and Vietnamese euphemism,mainly from the phonetic,lexical,grammatical,rhetorical and other four angles to deeply analyze the commonality and difference of the means of Chinese and Vietnamese euphemism.With regard to phonetics,in most cases,Chinese is achieved by means of homophonic,while Vietnamese can achieve both in the form of non-complete speech,or by omitting syllables(Tinh luoc am)and overlapping syllables(diep am).In terms of vocabulary,most of the Chinese and Vietnamese euphemisms will choose the relative compliment synonyms,or directly choose foreign words to replace the things to be said.At the same time,Chinese will use antonyms and righteous words to avoid the meaning to be expressed,such as the use of "water barrier" instead of "fire" meaning,and Vietnamese will use the words of the Chinese and Vietnamese to replace the words to be avoided,such as"Quy Tich"(Silence),"Hi Sinh"(sacrifice)and other words to denote death.Both Chinese and Vietnamese form euphemisms by using morphemes such as negative adverbs "no" or with the help of "home" and "division".Finally,according to the euphemism rhetorical composition method is compared.Both Chinese and Vietnamese euphemisms use rhetorical means such as metaphor,fuzziness and borrowing.In addition,the Chinese language also uses word breaking method and hysteria,while Vietnamese also uses the inverted method(Noi lai).The second chapter is a detailed division of the semantic types of euphemisms.The division of semantic types of euphemism in Chinese can be meticulous to 13 categories of 36 subcategories,complex,other languages incomparable.This chapter will be based on the common frequency and quantity of various euphemisms in Chinese and Vietnamese euphemism,which can be compared and analyzed from two aspects of the main semantic types and the secondary semantic types.The main semantic types include "death and Funeral","disease and disability","Sex and fertility" three kinds of euphemism semantics.Because these three kinds of semantic types contain a large number of examples,and then this article will use some linguistic theory for more detailed classification,such as word collocation,semantic borrowing and so on.And the secondary semantic type part mainly includes"secretion and excretion","pregnancy and Physiological Change","the euphemism of related occupation" three kinds of relative rhetoric less euphemism.This chapter mainly through the analysis of semantic structure inductive semantic types,discrimination and differences.The third chapter makes a comparative analysis of the pragmatic functions of Chinese and Vietnamese euphemism.The structure of euphemism should follow the three principles of distance,correlation and melody.Distance principle refers to the euphemism in the structure through the transformation can refer to the language symbol,so that the energy finger and the meaning is not directly equivalent,in the psychological increase of the distance between the meaning and the meaning;The relevant principles require that euphemism and the original language symbols have a certain connection,can provide people to understand the clues they refer to;Can give people a good association.Under the influence of the pragmatic principle of euphemism,the Chinese and Vietnamese euphemisms have four pragmatic functions,such as taboo,politeness,disguise and seeking elegance.Avoidance is to show taboos and produce,politeness is to reflect civilization and evolution,cover-up is to maintain dignity and choose,elegance is to avoid vulgarity and use,between Chinese and Vietnamese in these four pragmatic functions have a different performance.It is worth mentioning that,whether it is Chinese euphemism or Vietnamese euphemism,four kinds of pragmatic functions are not single existence,but from two kinds of interaction with more than two pragmatic functions to produce practical communicative effect.The fourth chapter deals with the cultural influencing factors of Chinese and Vietnamese's euphemism and compares them.This chapter will be deeply analyzed from the angles of Confucian thought,religious thought,other ideas,customs system and typical characters in literary works.Among them,the influence of Confucianism on Chinese and Vietnamese euphemism is mainly analyzed from the angle of Confucian "ritual music" and "Benevolence and righteousness".For religious thought,mainly divided into Taoist immortal thought and Buddhist thought to carry on the analysis.In addition,this chapter also discusses the concept of yin and Yang and funeral customs on the Chinese and Vietnamese euphemism embodied,and from the "Taoist" and "Buddhist" two major religious beliefs to carry out a comparative study,but also through poetry,social system and customs and other aspects of the comprehensive analysis,showing the characteristics of the national culture between the two Chinese and Vietnamese.Finally,in the literary works which reflect their social and cultural background in the two countries,we extract the typical literary characters that exist in the two,analyze the character characteristics of the characters,explain the reasons for their image shaping,and reveal the influence of social culture on euphemism.The fifth chapter will try to combine theory with practice on the basis of in-depth comparison of Chinese and Vietnamese euphemisms.First of all,this paper discusses the necessity of setting up euphemism courses in Chinese majors in major colleges and universities in Vietnam.In Vietnam,the heat of Chinese learning has been high,many students learn Chinese to obtain the opportunity to study in China,but because of the greater differences between Chinese and Vietnamese,it is more difficult for Chinese learners in Vietnam to learn.The euphemism teaching needs to be carried out on the basis of the grammar,semantics and pragmatics of the students ' acquisition of certain Chinese,and the study of euphemism can promote the students ' further understanding of the cultural background contained in Chinese.Secondly,this paper will put forward the strategy of coping with the difficulties that may arise in the course of Chinese euphemism teaching.Euphemism has long been influenced by ideological concepts,customs system,literary allusions and other cultural factors,and its study needs not only to have a deeper involvement in Chinese culture,but also to make a more in-depth exploration of the differences between Chinese and Vietnamese cultures.At the same time,the teaching of euphemism needs to be combined with a certain context teaching.At last,the formation of a specific Chinese euphemism curriculum design,teaching objectives,teaching difficulties,teaching methods,teaching process and teaching summary of a more specific description,and "professional euphemism" as an example of teaching examples of the content of the display.For a long time,euphemism research has been a hot issue in language research,scholars always choose different angles to analyze euphemism,but few involve a comprehensive and systematic comparison between the two languages of euphemism research.This paper not only takes great pains to collect as many materials as possible,such as network language materials,and strives for completeness,but also makes a comprehensive comparative analysis of Chinese and Vietnamese euphemisms from various angles of linguistics,and gives careful consideration to some concepts and definitions that appear in the process of contrastingChinese and Vietnamese euphemisms,and puts forward some new ideas for more scientific definition.In addition,this paper is also a practical attempt to design the teaching of Chinese euphemism in Vietnam,and can make a further conception for promoting the cultural exchange between Chinese and Vietnamese.