The Study On The Jin-Yuan Of The Qin And Han Dynasty

The Jin-Yuan(??)is also called"Yuan"(?)or"You"(?),or even"Yuanyou"(??).The original form of the Jin-Yuan was a hunting park,which developed into a compound park with large buildings and gardens during the Qin and Han dynasty,namely Palace Park.In the field of landscape and architecture,the Jin-Yuan in the Qin and Han dynasty was generally referred to as the imperial garden,corresponding to the private garden.The main types of Jin-Yuan in Qin and Han dynasty are Palace Park,its built for the emperor needed hunting facilities,living facilities and traffic facilities.There are isolation facilities built on its edge.Hunting facilities include protection,concealment,camouflage,birds pavilion,and a special enclosure for animals.Living facilities such as tower,palace,and so on.Traffic facilities are mainly Yongdao(??),Chidao(??),Nudao(??),and so on.Yongdao and Chidao are exclusively for emperors.Yongdao is a reinforced version of Chidao,with walls built on both sides to separate the emperor from outsiders to ensure the sanctity of imperial power and the personal safety of the emperor.It's about three Zhang(?)in the middle of the road can only be used by the emperor.Nudao is a relatively slow road opposite to Chidao.It may be a kind of public road,but it can be used for the emperor at any time.Isolation facilities is the wall and Ruan(?).The Jin-Yuan in the Qin and Han dynasty all had Ruan,it was not specially established in the former places of the six countries after the unification of the Qin dynasty.Combined with the history of the Jin-Yuan,the Jin-Yuan of Qin and Han dynasty can be divided into three categories:hunting park,palace park and park of the country kept horses and cattle.During the Qin and Han dynasty,pure hunting park was rare,most of which were palace park and park of the country kept horses and cattle.Park of the country kept horses and cattle includes Jiuyuan(??)and Mushiyuan(???).Most of the palace park have hunting park and Jiuyuan(Central Jiuyuan).Central Jiuyuan were used primarily to provide the horses needed by emperors,royals.Mushiyuan was set up in frontier area to serve the military war.There are thirty-six Mushiyuan records.The park of the country kept horses and cattle provided a powerful material guarantee for the unification of the Qin and the Han expelled the huns.After Emperor Wu of the Han,the national strength weakened and the parks of the country kept horses and cattle were gradually cut down.As a result,the Han dynasty's control over the border grew weaker and weaker.By the end of the Donghan dynasty,the borders were lost and the Mushiyuan no longer existed.Although it was later reinstalled in the southwest,the effect was not obvious.During the Qin and Han dynasty,the main large palace park were Shanglinyuan(???),Yichunyuan(???),Yunmengyuan(???),Shaqiuyuan(???)and so on.Shanglinyuan was the most extensive and expanded to the largest scale during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han.Shanglinyuan and Yichunyuan are connected,both of which are under Shuihengduwei(????)administration.The scope of Yunmengyuan in the pre-Qin dynasty was vast.After belonging to the state of Qin,only the part of Anlu(??)was retained and became the Jin-Yuan with strict management.Shaqiuyuan has the longest history.In the pre-qin period,there were buildings to offer sacrifices to the king of Yin dynasty.The historical events in Shaqiuyuan are also the most far-reaching.The rise and fall of the Jin-Yuan in Qin and Han dynasty was controlled by the emperor's will.During the Qin and Han dynasty,the Jin-Yuan was closely managed.There is an effective official system and many detailed legal regulations.In order to protect the Jin-Yuan and ensure the safety of the emperor,the Jin-Yuan and its isolation zone are forbidden zone.Only the certificate can access.It is the same crime for people to hunt animals in the isolation zone as to hunt animals in the Jin-Yuan.There is a heavy penalty for trespassing.During the Qin and Han dynasty,the official system of the Jin-Yuan was divided into Ling(?),Cheng(?),Wei(?),Jian(?)and so on,which belong to the Shaofu(??)and Shuihengduwei of the central government.The administrative function of the officials of the Jin-Yuan in Qin and Han dynasty mainly include protecting the safety of the Jin-Yuan,protecting the ecology of the Jin-Yuan,handling relevant civil disputes,managing the traffic of the Jin-Yuan,and daily maintenance of the Jin-Yuan.The Jin-Yuan in Qin and Han dynasty strictly requires hunting in accordance with the law,prevents hunting in inappropriate seasons,and does not allow excessive exploitation.Through bookkeeping,the Jin-Yuan exercised detailed control over livestock such as horses and cattle,as well as the slaves of the government that undertook daily services.The management of livestock breeding is very strict.Those who fail to take care of their animals should be punished with shield or armour,or even lose their official positions.Those who breed well are rewarded.The officer in charge is responsible for the training of the horses and has a quality tracking mechanism.Those responsible for substandard breeding are punished or even dismissed from their jobs.During the Qin and Han dynasty,people were forbidden to graze in Jin-Yuan.It is also forbidden to set traps and other hunting devices in grazing areas,which will be punished according to law.The management of forest resources in Jin-Yuan,trees and their leaves and bark with high economic value and use value shall be strictly controlled,and offenders shall be punished according to theft.The management of the people in the Jin-yuan means the management of all the people except the emperor.Those who fled to the Imperial Park and those who entered the Imperial Park to steal are illegal stayers.During the Qin dynasty,people who entered the Jin-Yuan and stole were sentenced to death or corporal punishment.Although corporal punishment was abolished in the time of Emperor Wen of the Han dynasty,change the penalty of building a city for a man and pounding rice for a woman.The Jin-Yuan in Qin and Han dynasty,in addition to the emperor,other people need certificate to enter and exit.The types of certificate mainly include"Zhuanshu"(??),"Quan"(?),"Fu"(?),"zhuan"(?),"Jiu"(?),and so on.There are certain procedures for handling and using certificate.The political function of the Jin-Yuan in Qin and Han dynasty was very prominent.First Emperor of Qin built his palace in the Shanglinyuan,intending to move the administrative center of the whole Qin dynasty here.In the Han dynasty,Yuefu(??),Shuihengduwei and their officials were all set up in Shanglinyuan.It was not only for diplomacy,but also military exercise and water army training bases.The Jin-Yuan not only provided the place for sacrifice,but also provided the articles needed for sacrifice.It was equipped with venues for performing various operas,music,water recreation and beast fighting,which had distinct entertainment functions.Due to the existence of hunting,archery ceremonies were often held in the Jin-Yuan during the Qin and Han dynasty.Archery ceremony is held not only for entertainment but also for ritual education.The ritual education of archery ceremony and the setting of schools highlight the education function of the Jin-Yuan.In short,the Jin-Yuan in the Qin and Han dynasty had many functions for the emperors.The rise and fall of Jin-Yuan is consistent with the strength of national strength,but also with the rise and fall of imperial power from beginning to end.