A Study On The Self-Indicated Names In Bronzes Inscription In Shang And Zhou Dynasties

The self—indicated names in bronzes inscription in Shang and Zhou dynasties is the naming of bronzes by the people of that time,it consists of the specific name and modifier,which are used to explain the names,uses and properties of bronzes.The study of bronze was began in the Han and Tang dynasties,it became a special knowledge in the Song Dynasty,especially in naming,The self—indicated names of bronzes are the basis of naming.The enlargement of the function of bronzes,the relationship between vessels,the regional culture and the classification thought of ancient people also influenced the naming of bronze in that time.As a result,the number of the self—indicated names of Shang and Zhou dynasties bronzes is huge and their appellations are complex,they are not only numerous and varied,but also have unique names and rich modifiers.Throughout the past achievements,the research on self—indicated names of bronzes in Shang and Zhou dynasties has been fruitful,including comprehensive research,thematic research and long-term research on more difficult problems.However,there are not many self—indicated names used in academic research,lacking systematicness and comprehensiveness,and most of the self—indicated names have not been paid attention.In order to further explore the important value of the self—indicated names of Shang and Zhou bronzes in the study of bronzes,ancient characters,history and documents data,this paper comprehensively classifies and sorts out the self—indicated names of various bronzes in Shang and Zhou dynasties,and then systematically evaluates them,so as to bring into play the value of historical materials unearthed in bronze inscriptions.The main content of the paper is divided into two parts.The first part is mainly system identification the specific name in bronzes inscription in Shang and Zhou dynasties,analysis and textual research on some difficult words.This part consists of four chapters,namely?bronze vessels,musical instruments,weapons and the other of Shang and Zhou dynasties.The bronze vessels including food utensils,wine utensils,water utensils and miscellaneous containers.The first is identification the self—indicated name of the bronze vessels in Shang and Zhou dynasties,consists of five chapters,namely,the main common names of bronze vessels,food utensils,wine utensils,water utensils and miscellaneous containers.The main common names of bronze vessels including two kinds of phenomena:common names caused by the materialization of verbs and nouns,and the same name of different objects.Then there are the names of food utensils,wine utensils,water utensils and miscellaneous containers.There are 11 kinds of food utensils which have their own names including Ding(?),Li(?),Yan((?)),Gui(?),Xu(?),Fu(?),Dun or Zhan(?/?),Dou(?),Pu(?),Yu(?)and Pen(?).And 14 kinds of wine utensils including Jue(?),Zun(?),Gu(?),Hu(?),You(?),Lei(?),Ling((?)),Ping(?),Fou(?),Zhan(?),Guan(?),Tong(?),Bei(?)and Zhi(?).And 4 kinds of water utensils including Pan(?),He(?),Yi(?)and Jian(?).And 5 kinds of miscellaneous containers including rice container,the cover of food utensils,fire plate,miscellaneous drinking utensils and containment vessel.The second is identification the self—indicated name of the musical instruments in Shang and Zhou dynasties which have 6 kinds of musical instruments own names including Zhong(?),Bo(?),Ling(?),Duo(?),Zheng(?)and Diao((?)).The third is identification the self—indicated name of the weapons in Shang and Zhou dynasties which have 7 kinds of weapons own names including Ge(?),Ji(?),Mao(?),Jian(?),Pi(?),Fu—yue(??)and miscellaneous weapons.The forth is identification the self—indicated name of the weapons in Shang and Zhou dynasties which including weighing apparatus,seal,carriage component,bronze base,hooks,door bolt,spoon and Zu(?),etc.Identificated the self—indicated name in bronzes inscription attention to multi-angle interpretation of characters,explore difficult self—indicated names,supplement old viewpoint or put forward new.Such as mutual evidence based on heritage documents and unearthed documents,the shape characteristics of bronzes,the relationships of combination,replacement,mutual influence and mutual generation between different bronzes,emphasis on the evidence of the phonological interpretation of ancient Chinese characters,nominalization of the verbs and nouns with sacrificial,ritual or cuisine meanings.There are mainly new explanations or identificated characters,for example,the self—indicated names of Ding(?)are Fang(?),He(?),Tian(?),Zhi(?/?),Kan((?))and Fan(?/??).The self—indicated names of Gui(?)are Gui((?)/?),Yi((?)),Ji(?/(?)),Jue((?))and Gui((?)).The self—indicated names of Xu(?)are Xugui((?)?),Fou((?)),Zhou(?)and Yi(?).The self—indicated names of Dou(?)are Zhi((?)),Deng((?)),Dun(?)and Zheng(?).The self—indicated names of Pen(?)are Yi(?).The self—indicated names of Hu(?)are Shao((?)/(?)),Huo((?)/?),Wo((?))and Mou(?).The self—indicated names of Yi(?)are Yi((?)),Yi((?)),Qu((?))and Zhen((?)).The self—indicated names of Bo(?)is Bo(?).The self—indicated names of Zheng(?)is wu(?).The self—indicated names of Diao(?)is Chuo(?).The self—indicated names of Ji(?)are Ge((?)),Ci((?)),Xu((?))and Zi((?)).The self—indicated names of Ge(?)are Gao(?)and Gu((?)).The self—indicated names of Fuyue(??)are Bao((?))And Jiu(?).The self—indicated names of Jian(?)are Cheng(?)and Cheng(?),etc.The third part is identification the modifert of the self—indicated names in bronzes inscription in Shang and Zhou dynasties,which is the necessary supplement and important part of the second part.Firstly,the self-nominal modifiers of bronzes are comprehensively classified and sorted out.Then,the self-nominal modifiers are comprehensively analyzed,and the difficult and miscellaneous characters are explained.In order to deepen the understanding of the nature and use of bronzes in Shang and Zhou dynasties.The first is about the identification of self-name modifiers of bronze vessels in Shang and Zhou dynasties,which can be divided into eight categories:characteristic type,sacrificial type,recommendation type,food and drink type,banquet type,toilet type,land type and other self-name modifiers.The characteristic self-name modifiers are mainly restrictive languages reflecting the nature,dress,shape,size and quantity of bronzes.The sacrificial self-name modifiers rituals mainly use the words of sacrificial rituals or sacrificial ways to indicate that bronzes are used in certain sacrificial rituals.The recommendation self-name modifiers category mainly use the words with recommendation to define the bronze container used in the occasion of recommendation and feeding.The food and drinks self-nominal modifiers can be divided into five categories,steamed rice,cattle,making meals,preparing meals and drinking,mainly reflecting the words of daily food and drinks.The banquet self-nominal modifiers are mainly used with banquet or with the meaning of banquet to embody the use of bronze containers.The toilet self-name modifier mainly restricts the use of bronzes for cleaning purposes.The land self-nominal modifiers mainly include restrictive words such as palace,kitchen and other land use to reflect the use occasion and place of bronzes.The other are not suitable to be classified into the above seven categories are classified into other categories.The second is about the identification of self?name modifiers of bronze instruments in Shang and Zhou dynasties,which can be divided into two categories:vocal rhythm and others.The vocal rhythm self-nominal modifier of is an important modifier of musical instruments,it is plays an important role in explaining the sound or sound characteristics of musical instruments and playing music.Other self-nominal modifiers include playing style,nature and useness,etc.The third is about the identification of self-name modifiers of bronze weapons in Shang and Zhou dynasties,which can be divided into four categories:characteristic category,object category,killing holding category and others.Characteristic self-nominal modifiers mainly include nature,length,size and quantity modifiers.The users of self-nominal modifiers can be divided into two situations:basic soldiers and military units.The self-nominal modifiers of killing perseverance mainly include two types:the use of weapons and the way of holding perseverance.Other self-nominal modifiers include workshops,land use,military use,users' piritual will,etc.The forth is a small number of self-name modifiers appended at the end of the paper,include shape,quantity and dress,etc.Some difficult and miscellaneous characters are re-interpreted and analyzed from multiple perspectives,many of which are newly interpreted,Such as Hui(?),Hua(??),Hui((?)),Zao or Gao(?/?),Gong(?),Tan(?/?),Yu(?),Liu((?)),Shu((?)/???),Tun((?)/(?)—?),Kui((?)??),Qu(?/???),Yue((?)),Mi—gong(??),Xing or Hang(?),Yan((?)),Lin or Da-lin(?/??),etc.