Research On Tibet's Local Border Defense In Qing Dynasty

The qing dynasty was the final formation period of the development of a unified multi-ethnic country in China.At the beginning of the qing dynasty,the border security in Tibet was mainly managed by the joint regimes of hesuet Mongolia and the fifth dalai lama.From the end of kangxi to the beginning of yongzheng,the qing dynasty began to be stationed in Tibet,later into customization,preliminary establishment of Tibet's side of the security and defense system.At the end of qianlong's reign,after fighting against the gurkhas' two invasions,the qing dynasty paid great attention to the construction of the border system of Tibet in view of the weakness of the border system of Tibet.The frontier defense system in modern times was initially established in Tibet through the regulations for the rehabilitation of the aftermath,which stipulated regular garrison,drill,pond flood,transportation and daily supplies in Tibet.After the 20th year of daoguang qing dynasty(1840),Tibet's frontier defense system did not adapt to the development of The Times,and under the impact of British invaders,Tibet's frontier security was threatened.Although the qing government pushed forward the reform in Tibet and strengthened the construction of the border defense system,there were many defects and it was difficult to achieve the results under the situation at that time.Based on the history of Tibetan frontier defense in the qing dynasty,this paper intends to conduct research in two parts:The previous chapter sorted out the history of Tibet's local frontier defense in the qing dynasty and divided it into two stages.The first stage was the establishment process of Tibet's frontier defense in the kangqian period.It included sorting out the central government's management of Tibet and the security at the border since the yuan dynasty.The second stage was the British aggression from the Himalayas and its impact on the Tibetan border.This paper mainly analyzes the British and British Indian governments' control over various countries in the Himalayan region,which constantly threatens the border security of Tibet.Through the study of the two British invasions into Tibet and the relevant treaties,this paper discusses the far-reaching influence of the UK on the border and border security of Tibet.Finally,this paper discusses the reform of frontier defense system carried out by zhang yintang and union henan in Tibet under the serious situation of the competition of interests and economic aggression between Britain and Russia in Tibet in the early 20th century.The next part starts with the border defense system of Tibet,and first analyzes the troops stationed by the central government of the qing dynasty in Tibet and the evolution process:from the initial military intervention of the qing dynasty to the long-term garrison.The last years of qianlong green soldiers,Tibetan soldiers.The garrison reform during the New Deal period in the late qing dynasty reflected the advancing times of the garrison system in Tibet.Second,it analyzes the internal and external traffic and the construction of tangxun station related to Tibet's frontier defense.Third,it analyzes the wartime and daily frontier defense supply of officers and soldiers stationed in Tibet,which reflects the efforts made by qing dynasty to strengthen the frontier defense in Tibet from one side.Finally,in the conclusion,through the history of Tibetan frontier defense in the qing dynasty,several important inspirations are obtained:first,the strength of the military forces directly affects the security of frontier defense,which is verified by the development of Tibetan frontier defense;Second,the establishment and improvement of the border defense system in Tibet is inseparable from the long-term investment of huge financial resources.Third,British aggression against Tibet in modern times not only impacted the border security of Tibet,but also provided various experiences and lessons for the border security of today.