Fu Shan's Thought About Taoism

Fu Shan is an academic master who lived in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty and deserved our attentions.Previous studies paid too much attention to his identity as a adherent and Enlightenmen t thinker,but did not fully understand the relationship between him and Taoism.This paper aims to de monstrate the establishment of the concept of Fushan's Daoism,to interpret its unique significance in the ideological and academic history of the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties,and to deepen the stu dy of the ideological and academic history of the Ming and Qing DynastiesAt the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty,the thought of the elite scholars showed a general tendency towards realism in free thinking;and "The world of general thoughts,know ledge and believes" was increasingly secularized.Fu Shan' hometown,Shanxi,where has some outstanding regional characteristics and a multi ethic community,had a good cultural atmosphere of religion.These ideological and cultural characteristics of the times and regions,through the accumulation of generations and personal experience,shape the ideological tendency of Fu Shan's preference for Taoism.Even his anti-Qing activities,which were regarded as the behavior of the adherents of Ming dynasty,were guided by Taoism.Under this kind of understanding,Fu Shan points out that there are two kinds of experiential cognition:original distinction and derivative distinction;the master plan of a man returns to Tao is "Xing Xiu Fan De",which is also a process of a man breaking the experience cognition and returning to "true knowledge".The dual construction of ontology and cosmology also made his ethical thought,political thought and work thought both have the dual characteristics of entering the world and being born.Fu Shan did have religious belief,and his understanding of Taoism,Buddhism,Catholicism and Islam was in the forefront of the people at that time?.Fu Shan became the sixth generation disciple of Longmen sect of Quan Zhen Taoism by learning from Guo Jingzhong.The thought of four Taoist books in Dao Zang Jing Hua and the book Xuan Ji Kou Jue,have similarities with the Taoist thought of Fu Shan Quan Shu.The author thinks that it is possible for Fu Shan to compile two Taoist books,but the documentary evidence is not enough.Fu Shan's Taoism thought has the obvious characteristics of Quan Zhen Taoism,that is,to cultivate both life and nature and set the nature first.He integrated the internal alchemy of Taoism,traditional Chinese medicine and Taoism.It is an important contribution to Taoist thought and an important theoretical basis for the establishment of the concept of "Taoism".Taoism is the core of Fu Shan's thought,which forms his academic thought with "Jue" as the core."Jue" has the dual characteristics of belief and academic rationality.It can be regarded as an academic achievement of the northern scholars who broke through the academic system of Neo Confucianism in song and Ming Dynasties under the trend of practical application.On the basis of Daoism,Fu Shan interpreted and absorbed the thoughts of Confucianism,Mohism and Mingism in the pre Qin Dynasty,and criticized the Neo Confucianism of the song and Ming Dynasties.Fu Shan's Daoism has many points of reference to Buddhism,but he always stands on the position of Daoism in cosmology.The relationship between Daoism and literature and art actually contains the application and expression of Daoism?Fu Shan's medical thought is based on the theory of "water and fire store each other",so he attaches importance to the physical and mental health of human beings.As the individual's mental state is greatly influenced by the external world,he pays attention to the specific background of "world" when thinking about the relationship between "Tao" and "Shu".Fu Shan not only has a deep thought on the issue of human expression,but also has his own exploration on the law of literary and artistic forms of human expression of thoughts and emotions.His pursuit of "nature" in literature and calligraphy shows the Taoist characteristics of his literary thoughts.