Research On The Journalistic Thoughts Of Private Newspaper In The Period Of Beiyang Government

The Beiyang government period was a transitional period from tradition to modernity in China.Complicated political struggles,unpredictable current situations,and the conflict and blending of Chinese and Western cultures gave birth to the development and prosperity of media.During this period,China's national capitalist industry developed further,the new political system and the spread of democratic republicanism made the media environment relatively relaxed,and the proportion of newspaper structure began to change.Private newspapers accounting for two-thirds of the newspapers gradually surpassed official and political party newspapers,Private newspapers and the people of Private newspapers became the main force of China's journalism at this time.Huang Yuansheng,Xu Baohuang,Shao Piaoping,Ren Baitao,Ge Gongzhen,Lin Baishui,Hu Zhengzhi,Shi Liangcai,Wang Hanxi,Huang Tianpeng and Zhou Xiaoan are their representatives.Most of them studied in Europe,America or Japan,and were influenced by western culture and journalistic professionalism.They also witnessed the role played by western newspapers in society.In contrast,Chinese newspapers "are now wandering in different ways,that is,there are also a lot of people who lost their way." Therefore,they made great efforts and difficult exploration in journalism practice,‘research and training journalism talents in order to transform Chinese society and develop China's journalism.They wrote the first batch of Chinese journalism monographs,founded the first batch of Chinese journalism special issues,started China's journalism education,and made unique contributions to promoting the development of China's journalism.As a special group in the news front during the period of Beiyang government,the people of private journalists paid great attention to the discussion and summary of journalism in their news practice and education,and made outstanding achievements in theoretical,practical and historical journalism,and put forward new ideas and made new contributions to the treasure house of Chinese news thoughts.The people of private newspapers put forward for the first time that newspapers are the public organs of society,which should serve the public.They emphasized that newspapers take providing news as their bounden duty,represent public opinions comprehensively and objectively,and played an important role in social universal education.In the aspect of basic theory,the private newspaper first constructed the journalism system put forward the news view taking facts as the source and readers as the center,and established the judgment standard of news value,which laid a rich theoretical foundation and principles for the development of Chinese journalism.The people of the private newspaper had established a set of relatively perfect moral norms to emphasize the importance of journalists' moral and character cultivation to ensure the objectivity of newspapers.They believed that freedom of speech is the external condition for the survival of newspapers,independence and self-esteem are the core values of journalists,and objectivity and fairness are the reporting principles that journalists abide by.The people of private newspaper comprehensively expounded the operating principles and methods of newspapers as an organization in business activities,and put forward some classic business theories,such as the inverted pyramid news writing style,the reader-oriented editorial purpose,the news paradigm of separating facts from opinions,and the comment writing requirements based on facts and striving to represent public opinion objectively and fairly.In the management of newspapers and periodicals,they advocated economic independence,and held the opinion that it should not be profit-seeking,but should pay attention to both benefits and essentials in advertising and printing and other business activities.The people of private newspapers' explanation about the basic theory of journalism,the establishment of operational norms of journalism,the conception of journalistic ethics and the thinking of newspaper management by private journalists reflect the public and objective news concept,and reflect the pursuit of professionalism and specialization of journalism by private journalists.These thoughts are a set of news theory system with Chinese characteristics,which was established by the people of private newspaper based on its own role position,combining the western news professionalism theory with the practice of Chinese journalism under the special historical background of Beiyang government,which made China get a positive answer for the first time about the news debate on “to learn,or not to learn”,promoted the modernization and professional transformation of Chinese journalism,and created the basic paradigm of Chinese journalism research,which has a profound impact on the development of Journalism and journalism in China.