The Study Of The Inspectors Of Zhi-Lu-Yu District During The Period Of Beiyang Government

As a special local military and political system,the Inspection System was set in the early Republic of China by Beiyang Government.In order to pacify the local strength groups,Beiyang Government had no other alternatives but to set up this temporary and important system.The inspectors were in charge of two or three provinces,and there were also other respective inspectors who were the nominal rulers of a vast distract.This system,set up in 1912 and dissolved in 1924 after the second Zhili-Fengtian War,last 12 years.At the same time,some envoy positions whose property and function was similar to the Inspection System,were also set up from 1924 to 1927.To some extent,this system basically ran through the whole period of Beiyang Government.The inspectors of Zhi-Lu-Yu District,Cao Kun and Wu Peifu,were the typical representatives at that time.Depended on this special system,Cao and Wu Groups exerted great influence on the Beiyang political situation.My graduation thesis consists 5 chapters: Chapter 1 expounds the Beiyang Inspection System on the whole.It helps us to obtain an overall understanding of this system.Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 makes respective textual research of Baoding Inspector's workplace and Luoyang Inspector's workplace.Chapter 4 expounds the great influence the Inspectors of Zhi-Lu-Yu District exerted on the local political situation.Not only does it contain the high integration of local military and political affairs,but also it shows the internal contradictions and stratification.Chapter 5 expounds the great influence the Inspectors of Zhi-Lu-Yu District exerted on the central government.The control to the central government of the Inspectors of Zhi-Lu-Yu District,Cao Kun and Wu Peifu,contains 2 periods: The first period is the time when the Zhixi Warlord and the Fengxi Warlord allied to control the central government after the Zhiwan War in 1924;The second period is the time when the Zhixi Warlord independently controlled the central government after the second Zhili-Fengtian War in 1924.Cao Kun,the Inspector of Zhi-Lu-Yu District,became president by bribery elections,holding the central power directly.Wu Peifu,the deputy Inspector of Zhi-Lu-Yu District,got a promotion to be the Inspector of Zhi-Lu-Yu District,assuming personal command in Luoyang and his administrative office just looked like the second central government.The conclusion elaborated contemporaries' thoughts and opinions of the Inspection System,and their propositions of abolishing the Inspection System.At last,it elaborated the stratigracy in the period of Beiyang Government.In short,the Inspection System in the period of Beiyang Government is set up when the central power was retrenching while the local force was inflating.It is the product of the warlord dogfight and the complicated political struggle.The Inspector of Zhi-Lu-Yu District was set up to pacify the Zhixi Warlord after the Zhiwan War in 1920.Under the leadership of them,Cao and Wu Groups successfully developed their power to the peak.Not only could they manipulate the central government,but also they could intervene in the local affairs.Even their administrative offices,the so called “Overlord Government”,overrode the central government.