The Study Of The Evolution Of Chinese Russian Source Words From The Perspective Of Language Contact

Language contact is the fundamental motivation of language evolution.In more thana century of development,its disciplinary development and theoretical construction have beenperfected.The language evolution caused by language contact has become a heated topic in academic research.However,due to the complexity of language contact itself,there are certain imbalances in the academic research on language contact.It is mainly manifested from following perspectives:more contact between ethnic minority languages and Chinese,increasing contact between Mandarin and dialects,and in-depth research.However,the research on the contact between Chinese and foreign languages is relatively weak while the research on the contact between Chinese and foreign languages mainly focuses on the contact between Chinese,English and Japanese.The research on the contact between Chinese and other foreign languages is not enough.The October Socialist Revolution in Russia in 1917 not only pointed out the way forward for our country,but also had a profound impact on the development of our country's history.It was from this period that many Russian source words full of the features of the age became a part of the Chinese language,and the political and cultural significance they carried had a very important impact on the Chinese society.However,most of Chinese scholars pay more attention to the study of English source words and Japanese source words but the study of Russian source words lacks sufficient attention.Based on this,this paper takes Russian words in Chinese as the main research object,and makes a comprehensive and detailed study on the historical level,localization and vitality of Russian words in Chinese from the perspective of language contact.This article is divided into six chapters:The first chapter is the introduction.After combing and analyzing the studies of language evolution,vocabulary borrowing,and Russian source words in existing language contacts,the author points out the research object,research content,research significance,and research methods of this article.The second chapter mainly focuses on the introduction of Russian source words in different historical periods.This chapter takes the important historical events of Sino-Russian?Soviet?exchanges as time points to divide the introduction of Russian source words into five periods:?1?the period of the rise of the border trade in Qaktu;?2?the period of the construction of the Middle East railway;?3?the period from May 4th to the pre-liberation;?4?the period of Sino-Soviet friendship?5?The new period since the collapse of the Soviet Union.By referring to the relevant literature and the earliest appearance time of Russian source words in the"Full-text Database of Late Qing Dynasty and Republic of China"and"BCC Corpus",the approximate time range of existing Russian source words in Chinese is defined and they are merged into the corresponding historical period delineated in this article,and the characteristics of its introduction were analyzed.The author believes that the difference in the scope of contact between Chinese and Russian language,the way of contact and the subject of contact are the main reasons for the different characteristics of Russian source words in different historical periods.The third chapter mainly studies the localization of Russian source words and their internal motivations.In this chapter,based on the comparison of Chinese with Russian syllables,through a comprehensive and systematic description of the structural evolution of Russian syllables after entering Chinese and the matching between Chinese and Russian syllables,the localization of the phonetic origin of Russian source words after entering into Chinese was delineated.Combined with the analysis of specific language facts,the author believes that the difference between Chinese and Russian syllable structure is the fundamental cause of the evolution of syllable structure after Russian source words became a part of Chinese.The perceptual mapping,phonological perception principle and Chinese phonetic rules in the process of vocabulary borrowing are the important reasons for the occurrence of multiple matches between Chinese and Russian phonology.These reasons are also the internal motivations for the localization of Russian source words.Chapter 4 is mainly about the vocabulary localization of Russian source words and their internal motivations.In this chapter,the author uses a large comprehensive corpus of Chinese and Russian languages to analyze and compare the use of Russian source words in both Chinese and Russian languages.The author roughly sorts out the localization of Russian source words in Chinese in terms of structure and ideology.After the Russian source words became a part of Chinese,the localization of the structure is mainly reflected in the generation of several special word formation methods.These word formation methods not only bring a new morpheme and word formation pattern to Chinese,but also bring the unique psychological characteristics,cultural background and cognitive features of the Russian nation to Chinese,which has an impact on Chinese.The localization of Russian vocabulary in Chinese in terms of ideology is mainly achieved through a combination of phonology and meaning,change in word meaning,change in grammatical meaning,change in pragmatic meaning,and the influence on the meanings of inherent Chinese words.Through a series of changes to adapt to the Chinese language system,while realizing the localization of ideology,Russian source words also influenced Chinese in filling the gaps in Chinese semantics and prompting the readjustment of the Chinese semantic system.After analyzing the specific corpus,the author believes that after Russian source words enter Chinese,the reasons for the localization of vocabulary include not only the internal reasons for adapting to the Chinese language environment,but also a series of external factors such as social,psychological and cultural factors.It is the combination of these factors that caused a series of localizations after Russian source words became a part of Chinese.Chapter 5 mainly combined with the retrieval results of several large corpus,this paper is about the overall vitality of nearly 1000 Russian words in Chinese and the factors affecting their vitality.According to the research results of this paper,the loss of vitality of Russian words accounts for more than half of the selected samples.It can be seen that the loss of vitality of Russian words in Chinese is very serious on the whole.In order to study the specific vitality of Russian words in Chinese,the author selects Russian words in the Modern Chinese Dictionary(7^th Edition)published in 2016 as samples from the Russian words with vitality,and studies their vitality degree and characteristics in People's Daily?2015-2019?.The author finds that although the Russian words in the sample belong to the dynamic state in Chinese,their specific vitality is different.The author argues that linguistic factors such as frequency of use,semantic expression,grammatical function,pragmatic range and pragmatic field,as well as related social factors,are important factors affecting its vitality.Chapter 6 is the conclusion of this article.It mainly summarizes the main points of the full text and points out the research value and shortcomings of this article.Through the study of this paper,the author not only has a more comprehensive,scientific and objective understanding of Russian words in Chinese,but also has a more systematic grasp of the Chinese-Russian language contact.The conclusion of this paper is helpful to deepen the understanding of the phenomenon of word borrowing between unrelated languages.The phenomenon of word borrowing is a new and enduring subject,and there are still many problems worth discussing,which need to be improved and deepened in the future research.