| In this paper,the research results on the language and characters of oracle-bone inscription in east huayuanzhuang area of Yin ruins(hereinafter referred to as "huadong oracle-bone inscription")are mainly taken as the research object.On this basis,some Suggestions and opinions are put forward,which can provide reference for the further research of huadong oracle-bone inscription.Chapter one is the "Wenli" study.This chapter analyzes the research results of five aspects: Xingkuan,paragraph structure,the relationship between inscriptions,the phenomenon of special inscription,and the examples of inscriptions.In terms of Xingkuan,this paper analyzes the problems existing in the current classification of Xingkuan,and thinks that it is mainly affected by four factors: divination,articulation,grammatical understanding and textual understanding.It analyzes the causes of the xingkuan,which is summarized as four aspects: the principle of keeping the sign,the carving space,the habit of carving and the fault of engravers.It also analyzes the significance of the research on the old inscription and huadong oracle-bone inscription.In terms of paragraph structure,this paper discusses the essential attribute,form,position and semantic orientation of each paragraph structure,and considers that the name of paragraph structure is only a relative concept,which can be transformed from one to the other in divination.The name of paragraph structure often needs to be analyzed in detail according to its position and meaning of inscriptions,which is the root cause of the differences in understanding of paragraph structure.In terms of the interrelationship between divination,on the basis of previous studies by scholars,this paper combines with the latest achievements in word interpretation and text collation and our understanding of related concepts,rearranges the existing problems of the Duizhen divination,the set of divination in the same edition and the examples of the identical text divination,and formed the "appendix I","appendix ii" and "appendix iii" of this paper.Based on the actual situation of the Duizhen divination and the complete set of divination in the same edition,this paper thinks that the rule of the order of "first right then left" is not obvious,but the overall trend is to "first right then left".According to the actual situation of the same inscriptions,it is considered that the inscriptions have few omissions and no special planning in carving,which is obviously different from the Duizhen inscriptions and the complete set of inscriptions.This paper analyzes the results of each layout,and thinks that the principle of layout needs to be improved,and the main problem is that it is possible to compress the activities of a long time into a short time;In this paper,the results of various conjugations were reviewed,which formed the appendix iv,and the practical value ofconjugations in the study of oracle-bone inscriptions of huadong was summarized.In terms of the phenomenon of special carving,this paper analyzes the phenomena of Hewen,Chongwen,missing carving,later added carving,reverse writing,horizontal writing,carving fault,derivation and scraping,especially the identification of some Hewen and the reason of scraping.In terms of the Wenli inscription on record,based on previous scholars' research,this paper reorganizes the examples of inscription on record and forms the appendix v of this paper.It is believed that the "three" in the inscription may be interpreted as "qi(begging)",but it is not certain at present;The classification,format and characteristics of chronicle inscription are discussed.Chapter two is the study of characters.This paper analyzes the research results of the two aspects of the inscription of huadong oracle-bone and the interpretation of words.In term of the glyph,this paper discusses the establishment and improvement of the glyph system,including the collection and arrangement of the glyph,the statistics of the frequency and quantity of the glyph,the classification and arrangement of the glyph,the structural analysis of the glyph and so on.It also focuses on distinguishing and analyzing three concepts: newly seen word,new seen glyph and newglyph,rearranges the new font and forms the "appendix 6" of this paper on the basis of the previous research.It discusses the characteristics of typeface,focuses on the primitiveness of glyphs and the coexistence of early and late typeface,and holds that there are not many examples that truly reflect the primitiveness of typeface,and that the primitiveness of typeface are not necessarily related to the time.The phenomenon of the coexistence of early and late glyphs does exist,and it is also seen in the subgroups.The so-called "late glyphs" actually belong to the "early glyphs",which may be related to the differences between the groups,suggesting that we need to comprehensively consider a variety of factors when using glyphs for classification.On the interpretation of words,the general situation of the interpretation of words is briefly summarized.On the basis of previous studies,this paper reorganizes the results of textual criticism and interpretation,selects 166 controversial words that have a great impact on the overall understanding of the inscription and can confirm or revise previous views,and includes representative textual criticism and interpretation results in an overview form,forming the "appendix 7" of this paper.It analyzes the interpretation of 30 words with examples,and puts forward some opinions from the two aspects of "the interpretation of old words in huadong oracle-bone inscription" and "the interpretation of new words in huadong oracle-bone inscription".Chapter three is vocabulary research.In this paper,the research achievements in three aspects,namely,the arrangement and classification,the correspondence between words and words,and the relation between words and words,are sorted out and analyzed.On vocabulary and classification,this paper briefly introduces the general idea of the related research,analyzes the acknowledgment and parts of speech in terms to differentiate the problems existing in the two aspects,on this basis,the combination of words depending on the results of the study,has carried on the reorganization and classification to vocabulary,and made a brief description,most of the meaning and application formed the "eight" appendix of this article,preliminary established the eastern oracle bone carved words of vocabulary system.As for the correspondence between characters and words,this paper mainly discusses the correspondence between the number of characters and words,and the correspondence between the meanings of characters and words.It is considered that there are four types of the former,these are one character and one word,one character and many words,one word and many characters,many characters and many words.It makes brief statistics on these four types.The latter is divided into three aspects:correspondence between character and word's meaning,correspondence between characters and intention,correspondence between characters and newly discovered words and intentions.The third relation is analyzedemphatically.As for the relation between words,this paper briefly introduces the general situation of related research,and thinks that there are two kinds of synonyms and antonyms in the relation between words.and the categorical words classified by scholars have little meaning.Taking the "giving class" verb as an example,the influence of lexical interpretation and semantic understanding on synonym research is discussed in detail.Chapter four is grammar research.It analyzes the research achievements of lexical and syntactic research.On lexical research,This paper discusses the grammatical functions of nouns,verbs,adjectives,pronouns,numerals,adverbs,prepositions and conjunctions,and makes a brief comparison with the research results of old epithets.The grammatical functions of some parts of speech are supplemented,and the grammatical functions of "yi","you" and "yu" are distinguished.In terms of syntax research,the systematic description of sentence patterns,double object sentences,triple object sentences,order of syntactic elements,omission of syntactic elements and so on are discussed.It re-identifies and classifies the relative sacrificial verbs and non-sacrificial verbs that can take double object or triple object sentences,makes statistics on all the double object and triple object sentence patterns,and makes exhaustive sorting and classification of the relatedexamples.The subject sentence and the noun object preposition sentence are analyzed.This paper redefines the types of ellipsis sentences and determines some methods to judge ellipsis,especially sentences after ellipsis complex sentences. |
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