A Study On The Geng Changsuo Agricultural Production Cooperative(1944-1958)

China is a big agricultural country,and the "Three Rural Issues" have always been the fundamental issues of China's revolution and construction,as well as an important topic of long-term concern of Chinese historiography circles.In the past,the research on the agricultural cooperative movement mostly focused on the macro level in terms of research scope and perspective,while the microscopic and case studies were relatively lacking.In the research period,the mutual aid and cooperation movement in the border region period was often separated from the cooperative movement in the 1950 s by taking 1949 as the boundary.However,for a profound social change,the agricultural cooperative movement,on the one hand,macro,micro and case studies should be combined.On the other hand,reviewing the history of the CPC's rural governance,we can see that many of the systems implemented after the founding of new China have been experimented with or formed rudiments in the border region period.Therefore,if the two periods can not be connected,the rural governance policies and practices of the Communist Party of China in the collectivization period can not be fully displayed.Taking Geng Changsuo agricultural production cooperative(1944-1958)in Wugong village,Raoyang County,Hebei Province as an example,this paper makes a long-term follow-up and investigation according to the longitudinal time sequence.From the establishment of the first "land partnership group" in the central Hebei Anti Japanese base area,the rapid expansion and withdrawal of the "agricultural partnership group" stage,to the "Geng Changsuo agricultural production cooperatives" period,the integration of small cooperatives,the establishment of Village large cooperatives and consolidation,and then the attempt to transition to collective farms and become high-level cooperatives.This paper mainly analyzes the changes and characteristics of each stage in the development process of Geng Changsuo agricultural production cooperatives,including the evolution and influence of the CPC's cooperative policies,the development and changes of the cooperatives themselves,and the changes in the mentality of members joining and withdrawing from the cooperatives.Through the investigation of the operation and management and income distribution of Geng Changsuo agricultural production cooperatives in different periods,the interactive relationship between the cooperatives,the state and the members is explored.The author thinks that Geng Changsuo agricultural production cooperatives have a process of change from spontaneity to consciousness,from individual special cases to national typical ones.The reason why Geng Changsuo and his agricultural production cooperatives can become the symbol and model village of China's agricultural cooperation,on the one hand,is the efforts of the rural elite represented by Geng Changsuo,on the other hand,it is also the development of the cooperative itself,which conforms to the national policy needs and farmers' ideal at that time.However,after Geng Changsuo agricultural production cooperatives were set up as a model,with the efforts and process of national transformation and reconstruction of cooperatives gradually increased and deepened,the management boundary between the state and cooperatives has also undergone significant changes,resulting in the cooperative's management and management autonomy gradually shrinking,especially the changes in the proportion of labor dividends related to the vital interests of members To the cooperative management development and income distribution,and thus caused a series of problems.