Study On Agricultural Income And Its Distribution Of Peasants In The Early Stage Of Collectivization(1950-1957)

After the Communist Party of China seized the national political power,it began to implement comprehensive collectivization in the countryside,and incorporated the production and life of the peasants into cooperatives.Whether the income of farmers increases is not only a production problem,but also a distribution problem.In the early stage of collectivization,has there been an increase in rural agricultural income?How is the production condition improved?What are the policies for agricultural income distribution?How do these policies work in the grassroots society?What is the difference in income gap between villagers?This paper makes a microscopic study on the income and distribution of rural areas by using the village archives of Liusuo Village,Dongping County,Shandong Province.Like other rural areas in North China,Liu Zuocun has various forms of mutual aid organizations among the peasants before the founding of the Chinese Communist Party.Dongping County used the shortage of rear labor caused by the war branch before the end of the war in the late 1940s to promote the agricultural cooperative movement.The agricultural cooperation of Liusuo Village also began during this period.Cooperative agricultural production has only changed the way agricultural production is done,which does not lead to a substantial increase in agricultural income.Because the impact on agricultural income is even greater in terms of productivity,in this period,Liusuo Village has improved water resources,and other fertilizers,seeds,pesticides,etc.have not changed significantly compared with before.Therefore,through research,it was found that the agricultural output of Liusuo Village fluctuated between 250,000 kg and 320,000 kg from 1950 to 1957.This fluctuation is closely related to natural disasters.The agricultural income of Liusuo villagers is mainly affected by three distribution policies:agricultural tax,unified purchase and marketing,and collective retention.The agricultural tax policy initially had a strong revolutionary base area's color,and the calculation was complicated.After 1951,it was changed to a tax-free ratio system,which was simple and easy.The implementation of the agricultural tax in Liusuo Village is basically the same as the policy.This reflects that the implementation of the policies in the 1950s is better,and there is no change in the grassroots.From the perspective of agricultural tax rate,the burden of farmers has not changed much,but the proportion of total agricultural tax in agricultural production has increased,from 8%to about 15%.This is because the agricultural tax at that time was based on annual production,and the annual output of the assessment was increased after repeated adjustments,and the agricultural tax also increased.In the process of implementation of the unified purchase and marketing policy,farmers began to suffer a variety of "resistance",and the food"three fixed" was gradually stabilized.The distribution system of agricultural production cooperatives regulates high income,subsidizes low income,and narrows the income gap between different farmers..The principle of "distribution according to cultivated land and work" and "distribution according to Gongfen" of eooperatives is often broken when they are implemented,because the "borrowing" and "overspending" of farmers have increased the burden of cooperatives and led to a certain degree of "distribution on demand".In the early stage of collectivization,the gap between the rich and the poor within Liusuo Village experienced a process of expansion and contraction,but few high-income people.In addition to,the influence of class composition,agricultural income is also related to the ratio of household consumption to labor.