Governing The Rural Community Throughprograms:Operation Of Project Systemin Township Governance

Taking Caiji,a town in eastern Henan province as research unit,operation of agricultural projects here in recent years as study subject,and township projects' operating rules and action strategies as analytic point,this research tried to explain and recur on the original operating logic of project system in site of modern township governance.In this paper,township was the core pot,up to which,inner mechanism and characteristics of project system in county distribution and township competition to state the power running logic of project system under restrict tradition of grassroots power network,and down from which social operating logic of project allocation and practical carryout of township governments in village level.This paper indexed that besides fairness,justice and universality of project system rules qualified in top-level design,in grassroots level,it also taken some respective features,such as flattened operation mechanism,matter-itself-oriented implementing logic,technically operating and checking requests.Making project system running rules transfer to something that obey to the unity of rural power structure and irregularity of rural society,and matter-itself-oriented carryout logic of project system collided and constructed with duties-oriented feature of grassroots authority,formulating various running prospects of project system in rural society,which was how the project system really went.The transforming mechanism of those rules contains as followings.Firstly,governments on county level transferred the strip-line type relation of project system to the bulk type of county administration,and linked projects approving with township cooperation to arise their enthusiasm.Secondly,implanting of bureaucracy relationship network featured the operation of project system with attachment to the bureaucracy,which had four express patterns:fitting project implement into township governments' performance check system,deep description and criticism of special named project(daimao xiangmu)and its overflow effects,personification of functional department in project operation,and bringing local attempts into project system running by local governments to form their own packed logic.Attachment of power and social relation network held back resources from state to villages and made project benefit overflow.Thirdly,in the real practice,project system appeared the tendency of anti-technique governance,namely,using formal materials to cope with the requests of its procedure and regulation.What it discussed above is formulating project system operating rules and their transformation.Under the restrict conditions of rules and their transformation of project system,fighting for,contributing and carrying out the projects made out the essential contents of its operation.In current situation,obtaining project index is an important approach for township governments to strengthen their own financial capacity,a key guarantee of their action ability and also significant push strength for town-level leadership to achieve outstanding performance.Under driving of achievements,township governments integrated the projects with their own shinning and performing spots.Therefore,project system became a social integrating tool of grassroots regime,and project turned a kind of governance source of township in rural governance.Above all makes the dynamic mechanism of township governments' project operation.If the regular transfer of the project system can be regarded as the operation system of township project system,then goals replacement would be the consequence of the operation of township project system.In this thesis,the deviation of project operation is called "goals replacement".According to the resent research,although the project operation in township governance is finally completed,legitimately or otherwise,the influence of its execution behavior on the policy target has been deviated,which means the original target has been changed during the grass-root practice.As a result,the incremental rules are dissolved,and therefore the guidance and regulation function of project system to project operation is lost.Finally,the operation of project system participates in the interest-chased township operation and further more serves the different local parts.In term of this whole process,goals replacement is a replacement of different values.In detail,the value goal with public benefit and inclusiveness is replaced by that with finiteness,locality and chasing self-interest.Goal replacement is also a replacement of different tools.In order to finish the attached goal,strategic and corresponding operation is carried out,while which destroy the instrumental chain,set by the original project system,between policy goal and policy operation,hence leads to the deviation of policy goal.If treat the project system from the bottom-up perspective,the goal replacement of the project is not a result out of expectation,but an inevitable consequence according to the operation rules of grass-root politics.For both the transfer of the operational rule of project system and the action-selection made by different grass-root parts in the implementation process lead to the above result.The manifestation pattern of goal replacement includes interlinking,packaging,transferring,pocketing and failure project.This thesis argues that the operation and implement of project system in township can't improve the loss of publicity in countryside.The solution may not lie on the updating of management technology,but on the change of management direction—transfer the original mono-directional input of resource to the cultivation of local publicity spirit and public providing capacity.