Symbiotic Politics:Power And Structure Of Traditional Dai Villages

The issue of power has always been the focus of political science research.Many scholars have carried out a series of studies on the phenomenon of power,most of which regard power as a dominant ability.Therefore,the results of power operation are often confrontation and conflict,and rarely combine power with structure and interaction.Based on the investigation and analysis of typical cases of Dai village governance in the traditional period,this paper analyzes them from the perspective of structuralism,aiming at discussing the proposition of how to realize symbiosis between powers in the traditional period,and studying the general conditions and mechanisms for the generation of symbiotic powers beyond non-dominant powers in the analysis process.This study takes power as the main research object and the power structure as the main line,and analyzes the power phenomenon in Dai villages in Xishuangbanna along the following lines:firstly,it analyzes the birth background and natural conditions of the power structure in Dai villages,pointing out that the external environmental factors of "symbiotic politics" are shaped by the central imperial power's control,the harassment and aggression of neighboring small countries,and the potential threats of mountain nationalities,which make the Dai king's regime pay more attention to the influence of the nation on its ruling status and can only develop "survival politics".Secondly,the power content and exercise strategy of political power,village and religious power are respectively elaborated in detail.The three hold the power of security structure,production structure and knowledge structure respectively,while the use fields and strategies of the three powers are different.Thirdly,the interactive relationship between powers is divided into three levels:support,cooperation and restriction,and the impact of the interactive relationship on the exercise of power is specifically analyzed.Finally,it summarizes the evolution of the power structure of the village community in the process of modernization and the reasons for the formation of symbiotic power forms.The key to "symbiotic politics" is to realize the symbiosis of power."Symbiosis" is actually a result of the operation of power.It is a form of interdependence,harmonious complementarity and symbiotic development of the various subjects formed under structural conditions.It has three main characteristics:first,there is no obvious absolute dominance;the second is that the power strategy does not simply use mandatory violence or covert discipline as the only means;the third is that power does not aim at control or oppression,but at the fundamental purpose of order and stability.There are two factors that affect the power structure and its symbiotic form:power structure elements and their interactive elements.According to the combination of the two elements,it can be divided into a variety of theoretical symbiotic power structures,but each structure has its relative characteristics,and the stable triangular power structure is relatively easier to implement and maintain the symbiotic relationship.While proposing the concept of "symbiotic politics",this article also has a dialogue with the existing power theory.First of all,there are relative centers and relative core subjects in the decentralized power network.While recognizing the decentralization of power itself,it also makes power relatively centralized.In the relation network theory of power,although social power can be regarded as a decentralized network structure,it does not mean there are no core connections and hub nodes in the network structure.The analysis of these nodes will help us to better understand power and its dominance.Second,the interaction between powers affects the dominance of power.There are many types of power interaction,which can be simply divided into interaction dimension and orientation.The single dimension will make the interactive relationship easy to be dominated or broken due to unequal resources.However,single orientation tends to transform the dependence formed by interaction into dominant power,and alienate the symbiotic relationship into partial profit,parasitic and other forms.Third,the study of symbiotic politics also helps to broaden the study of the relationship between the state and society.For minority areas lacking Confucian tradition,the relationship between the state and society is not a situation of strong conflict and confrontation.The main reason is that religion acts as a "barrier" to buffer the conflict between state power and social power,thus promoting the separation of state and social relations.Finally,under the theory of symbiotic politics,the author analyzes the path of change and symbiotic relationship of Dai village community politics system after the founding of new China.since the reform and opening up,with the arise of new structural power and power subjects,village community politics gradually lacks a stable power structure and a reasonable power relationship network,and rural society also presents a trend of trying to find back the power structure relationship of the original traditional period.Therefore,the study in this paper is also helpful to understand the village politics in Dai area:in order to avoid simple return to tradition and rough modernization,the village governance in Dai area not only needs to learn from tradition and find out a relatively reasonable and stable structure and subject,but also needs to explore how to find the Nash equilibrium point of inter-subject cooperation,reasonably regulate and restrict the actions of various subjects,and form a good symbiotic relationship of power.