A Study On The Trend Of Thought Of Planned Economy Of Chinese Intellectuals In The 1930s And 1940s

Planned economy is not strange to the Chinese.From the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China to the end of 1956,China gradually established the planned economy system.However,the relation between China and planned economy did not begin there.As early as the 1930s,there was an upsurge in discussion of the planned economy in China,which rapidly developed into the prevailing ideology at that time.The thought of planned economy not only deeply influenced the intellectuals,but also influenced the economic development trend to some extent.Therefore,the study of the thought of planned economy has important historical significance.It is a historical necessity that the trend of planned economy appears in China.Since the late Qing dynasty,China has gradually lost its independent sovereignty.Under the fierce impact of western civilization,the ancient Chinese civilization was faced with"a great changes that has not in three thousand years".Chinese intelectuals are actively seeking the economic development path suitable for China.In the year of 1928,the Soviet Union announced the implementation of five-year planned economy and launched a vigorous socialist economic construction.In 1929,the capitalist economic crisis broke out in the United States and quickly ignited in the whole capitalist world.The capitalist governments could no longer stick to the conventions of the liberal market economy and began to intervene in the economy.These phenomena seem to indicate that the state force in economic cannot be ignored.The trend of China's planned economy is generated in such an international atmosphere of criticizing market economy and advocating state intervention.After the 1930s,'the Spetember 18th Incident' deepened the Chinese crisis.Progressive intellectuals and politicians in China generally believe that China must accelerate its industrialization to achieve national strength and defend itself against foreign aggression.At that time,China was so poor and weak.It was almost a consensus that China should rely on the power of state to accumulate capital and industrialize in a planned way.However,what exactly is planned economy?There was no definite answer at that time.Planned economy is a word with uncertain connotation and extension,which can refer to the five-year planned economy of the Soviet Union,the economic intervention policy of the free capitalist countries,and the economic control system of the fascist countries.Under the influence of this vague understanding,the intelligentsia expressed their views on the nature of the planned economy and the applicable social system and launched a lot of discussionThe planned economy of Soviet Union has a direct and obvious impact on Chinese intelligentsia.In sharp contrast to the continuous economic decline in Europe and the United States,the rapid economic development of Soviet Union is particularly outstanding.The Chinese intelligentsia's understanding of the Soviet planned economy system has gone through a process from phenomenon discussion to model discussion.Under the direct stimulus of the successful implementation and early completion of the Soviet "the First Five-year Plan" and "the Second Five-Year Plan",the Chinese intelligentsia discussed the goals,results and implementation methods of the first two five-year plans of the Soviet union.For a long time,the Soviet Union was under the siege of imperialist countries.In order to resist foreign enemies and consolidate national defense,the Soviet Union always took defense industry as the core of economic development.The Chinese intellectual community has paid attention to the economic model of the Soviet Union's priority development of heavy industry and fully affirmed it in the enthusiasm for praising the Soviet model of planned economy,and the critical voices were weak.Today,we have known that the planned economic system of the Soviet Union is not perfect,and it can even be said that there are many problems.But in the 1930s and 1940s,an objective and prudent evaluation of the Soviet planned economy was invaluableThe economic crisis of 1929 confirmed Marx's analysis of the disadvantages of the market economy.In order to cope with the economic crisis,the liberal capitalist countries have introduced economic intervention policies one after another,and the western countries have gradually transferred from a market economy without macro-control to a market economy with macro-control.The change of the economic policy of capitalist countries is clearly reflected in the thoughts of planned economy in China in the 1930s and 1940s.The economic intervention policy of free capitalism and the economic control system of fascist countries are interpreted by some Chinese intellectuals as "capitalist planned economy",which is regarded as the implementation mode of planned economy under the capitalist system.Of course,there are also intellectuals who are believed in Marxist economic theory and believe that capitalism is incompatible with planned economy.No matter how people understand the relationship between planned economy and capitalism,their attention to the intervention of capitalist economy reflects the strengthening of the government's economic force in the context of the great crisis.The Chinese intelligentsia of the 1930s and 1940s generally believed that China did not have the foundation to develop its national economy in a laissez-faire way,but should learn from the Soviet economic model.However,restricted by the political and economic environment,China cannot copy the economic development model of the Soviet Union.Therefore,China should seek a suitable way to develop planned economic.This is not only the consensus reached by the intelligentsia,but also the national salvation plan approved by the major political parties.The Kuomintang newspaper had written articles praising the Soviet planned economy,and Jiang Jieshi had directly advocated emulating it.In terms of the communist party,the leaders of the communist party of China have a deeper understanding of the planned economy.MAO Zedong,Zhang Wentian,Chen Yun and others have put forward the concept of planned economy and carried out relevant economic practices in the border areas.Many schools of planned economy have emerged in the Chinese intelligentsia with high hopes for the planned economy.This paper summarizes four schools of planned economy with representative significance,namely,the school of planned economy of people's livelihood,the school of planned economy of new democracy,the school of mixed planned economy and the school of planned economy of fascism.Influenced by different political positions and guiding thoughts,these schools put forward their own distinctive economic propositions.Although the thoughts and propositions of various schools are hard to get rid of the limitations of understanding,there are also some useful explorations.The Chinese intelligentsia has grasped the "life-saving straw" of the planned economy,and actively demonstrated the economic basis for its implementation and the applicable form of ownership,which in essence shows the concern for the domestic economic developmentThe political and economic systems maybe changes with the overthrow and establishment of the regime,which may be sustained or overthrown.However,the thought has continuity and tenacity,which is difficult to be completely separated.Economic transformation of China in the early 1950s was not built on sand dunes without a foundation.After the founding of People's Republic of China,the choice of planned economy system was consciously or unconsciously influenced by the economic thoughts of the old China.After the 1930s,there was a wide consensus among the intelligentsia that China should develop the planned economy.Chinese intellectuals regarded the implementation of the planned economy and the development of state-owned enterprises as the only way for China's economic development.It can be said that the trend of planned economy cleared up the obstacle of public opinion and established the ideological guarantee for the implementation of planned economy system.The relevant economic practice of planned economy has laid a certain economic foundation for the CPC to choose planned economy system after the founding of the People's Republish of China.