Research On Marx's Social Thoughts In A Restricted Sense

People usually understand Marx's social thought from a broad perspective.It reflects the macro vision of the society as a whole,and undoubtedly needs to be inherited and adhered to.However,when we inherit this theory and use its internal logic to examine Marx's social thoughts,we find Marx still uses the concept of society in a restricted sense.In other words,there is a restricted social thought different from the broad interpretation.Specifically,the civil society,human society,social relationship and social form can be understood in a restricted sense,thus forming a restricted sense of social thought.In Marx's discourse,the concept of civil society embodies the characteristics of restricted social thought.Civil society has been defined by Marx as a form of communication that restricts productive forces at all historical stages so far.From the horizontal structure,it is understood from the perspective of economic communication or production relations,so it only contains the meaning of economic relations,but does not include the content of superstructure.From the vertical sequence,it covers bourgeois ownership as well as tribal ownership,ancient classical commune ownership,feudal or hierarchical ownership,but does not include the ideal form of Communist ownership in the future.Therefore,the horizontal structure of civil society only involves the economic relations of society,while the vertical sequence only contains a stage of the whole history.In this sense,civil society is a narrow society.In Marx's view,the concept of human society can also be understood in a restricted sense.In his early works,Marx used the concept of human society to express the meaning of the future ideal society,which can be seen as the early expression of the mature concept of Communist society.At this time,Marx understood communism as a realistic movement leading to the ideal human society,rather than the ideal social form itself.Marx began to use the concept of Communist society to replace the concept of human society to express the meaning of the ideal society in the future,but he did not give up the use of the concept of human society.This is because both of them are based on the value theory of realizing the free and all-round development of human beings.At the same time,communism as a realistic movement has not been completed,and the meaning of the concept of Communistsociety is also in the process of continuous development.Marx's restricted social thought can also be understood from the concept of social relations.In Marx's view,social relations are equal to productive relations,even to society.From the perspective of horizontal structure,this social relationship,which constitutes a specific meaning and is equivalent to productive relations,does not include the state and ideology.Looking from the vertical sequence,this social relationship is broad because it exists in the whole history.However,we can not think of social relations as a broad society,because it has a restricted social nature in the horizontal structure.Therefore,social relations are also a restricted sense of society.In Marx's works,there is also a concept of social form which is equivalent to economic social form.That is to say,what he called social form is essentially economic social form.Therefore,in the horizontal structure,social form has the nature of restricted society,which is defined from the aspects of production mode and communication.In the vertical sequence,social form is equal to the whole historical process,so it has the characteristics of broad society.Because of the restricted social nature of the social form in the horizontal structure,it is still restricted compared with the broad society.Social formation is a restricted sense of society.Marx's restricted social thought is a concrete description of human history.In the earlier works,he regarded the collection of civil society and human society as history.In his later works,he understood history from the perspective of social form and social relations,and understood history as the unity of social structure and social historical process.Therefore,Marx's way of describing history has undergone a transformation.In other words,he integrates the early civil society and human social thought into the later social form and social relations thought.In terms of horizontal structure,social formation is manifested as social relations.It shows the complex structure formed between mode of production,production relations and social relations.It also incorporates the simple structure of production relations in civil society and human society into itself.From the vertical sequence,the theory of social form can be regarded as preserving the ideal human society in the future,and further dividing the civil society into four forms: the Asian society,the ancient Greek society,the feudal society and the bourgeois society.But at this time,Marx did not completely abandon the value dimension of the history of human liberation from civil society to human society,but internalized it into the ideology of social formation.There is no inherent contradiction between Marx's restricted social thought and the broad sense of society that people usually understand.First,there is a unifiedrelationship between restricted social thought and broad understanding of the social ideology.When people take a perspective on the state and ideology,they tend to understand Marx's social thoughts in a broad sense.However,if we focus on reading Marx's works from the structure and history of social economy,we will easily find Marx's social thoughts in a restricted sense.Furthermore,the restricted social thought and the broad understanding of social thought both recognize the basic position of the economic society.Therefore,we can regard the former as a recognition of society in strict sense,and regard the latter as a rich structure that grows on a restricted social base.Second,there is an inherent consistency between the restricted sense and broad understanding of the human society.If we understand the concept of human society from the perspective of "liberation of human society",it will show the characteristics of a narrow society.If we understand the concept of human society from the perspective of human beings in animal regions,it will show the characteristics of a broad society.Marx's restricted social thought has profound theoretical and practical significance.On the one hand,it emphasizes the basic spirit of historical materialism and effectively complements Marxist social thought in a broad sense.On the other hand,it has positive significance to the thought of " take economic construction as the central task ",narrow social thought in the "five-sphere integrated plan" and "community with a shared future for mankind".The study of Marx's restricted social thoughts helps us to fully grasp Marx's social thoughts and ease the tension between Marx's restricted and broad understanding of social thoughts.At the same time,it has positive significance for us to promote the popularization of theoretical propaganda and practice the principle of combining theory with practice.