Research On Private Compulsory Educational Management System Reform

Since the beginning of the new century,Chinese private education has embraced new development opportunities.China enacted ’Private Education Promotion Law of P.R.C’(December,2002)and ’Enforcement Regulations of Private Education Promotion Law’(April,2004),incorporating private educHtion into legal construction and legally safeguarding private education development.In 2010 ’Notice of Experiment of launching Reform of National Educational System and Mechanism’(hereinafter referred to as ’Notice’)took comprehensive private education reform as major experimental task in reform of educational system.In 2013 the third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party required key areas of private education reform be further deepened and deployed key links of the reform.At present,private education has drawn unprecedented attention,whose significance can be summarized as three pieces of importance.Firstly,private education plays an important role in socialist education.Secondly,private education is a driving force for education development in China.Thirdly,development of private education motivate education reform.As an important part of private education,private compulsory education not only supplements resources of public compulsory education,but also makes it available for diverse and personalized school choices.What’s more,it also promotes public compulsory education reform.’Notice’ proposed special experimental reforms of private education in eleven provinces and municipalities and autonomous regions in China,respectively experimenting on how to sort out and correct all kinds of policies unfair to private schools,formulate and improve preferential policies of private education development,establish and perfect policies of public finance subsidizing private education development,explore and establish a classified management system of private schools,safeguard and realize school-running autonomy of private schools,optimize corporate governance structure of private schools,reinforce finance and accounting and asset management,and so on.As a pilot region of comprehensive private education reform,since it started to assume reform task,H City has formulated and introduced a series of reform policies,achieved good implementation effects,become a representative region of reform experimentation of national private education system,received high marks and much attention from departments at all levels.According to policy science theory,research on educational policies cannot be restricted to policy texts and policy effects,but should study educational policy implementation and its current situation.This paper takes reform practice of private compulsory education in H City for example,follows the logic of reform motivations-contents-actual effects and problems-influence factors-countermeasures,analyzes implementation of private compulsory educational management system reform thoroughly and systematically.Through presenting and classifying private education reform policies,this paper focuses on the following four themes,property rights and corporate property system of private compulsory education schools,internal governance system of private compulsory education schools,income distribution system of private compulsory education schools,supervision and administration system of private compulsory education schools.Reform of property rights and corporate property system is the precondition for reform of private compulsory education schools.Clarification of property rights and corporate properties not only leads to reasonable school internal corporate governance structure,but also guarantees organizers,investment gains and public welfare of compulsory education.The survey finds that H City has made innovations on private compulsory educational management system,such as profit and non-profit binary classification corporate registration management system,two-stage public financial support system of private schools in cities and counties,public school internal governance structure of multi-agent and multi-mode,award and compensation combined-income distribution system of private schools safeguarding public welfare and investment,regulatory systems perfecting interior and strengthening exterior of private schools,and so on.In order to overall research on the reform of private compulsory educational management system in H City,the researcher had done field research for more than two month.Private education principals of district education bureau,school organizers,headmasters,teachers and students are surveyed widely by the means of questionnaires and in-depth interviews and colloquia.Plenty of firsthand materials and unpublished official statistical data were collected.Meanwhile,softwares like Nvivo10.0 and RCM and HLM are used to scientifically analyze qualitative materials and quantized data.The analysis results show that the reform of private compulsory educational management system has achieved effects and also reveals problems.Firstly,classification management system doesn’t function in practice mainly because of district education administrators’ limited knowledge and imperfect supporting policies.Secondly,school-running autonomy of private compulsory education schools obviously conflicts with management of education administrative department.Thirdly,internal governance organization structure of private schools awaits further improvement.Separation of school management and running needs to be put into practice.Fourthly,there exists obvious interest game among stakeholders in the reform process which restricts sustainability of the reform.Fifthly,there doesn’t exist a long-term supervision mechanism in the reform of private compulsory education schools,which makes it difficult to track the evaluation of reform effects.On the basis of in-depth investigations and analyses,this paper raises several suggestions for the reform of private compulsory educational management system.Firstly,Developping private schools is an effective way to solve the "School Choice"in the compulsory education.Secondly,evaluation indicator system and decision information system of district private compulsory education development is to be built.The reform of private compulsory education ought to base on the actual situation of regional economic and social development.The reality of private education development demands a targeted reform.And the reform is not once and for all,but is a process in need of continuous attention and evaluation,and is constantly perfected during the process.Thirdly,the appropriate measure criterion and implementation model of reasonable return of private compulsory education is to be established.As an important mechanism for private school organizers to participate in benefit distribution,reasonable return is an important approach to motivating investment initiatives of private school organizers.This paper adopts the computing method of bank discount interest,to build an operable measured indicator system,and design an implementation model of incentive return and surplus return and fixed return based on the regional situation.Fourth,a diversified supervision mechanism of private compulsory education reform is to be built and improved.Education reforms in China are mostly from top to down.Ensuring reform intensity and speed will lead to lack of incentives of basic level participation in the reform,and then passive reform occurs.Building a diversified supervision mechanism can make up for the defects of’top-down’ reform and motivates stakeholders to participate in the reform.Fifh,Lack of reform the regulatory system itself causes reform implementation experience"digestion" or "dead".Sixth,Reform policies should be consistent with the actual situation of socio-economic development.The development of private schools has its positive role,but its "role" depends on the actual needs of educational development in area.