The Research On World Citizenship Education's Ideological Trend

Since the 1990s,the impact of globalization has gradually become highlighted following the upheaval in Soviet Union and Eastern Europe and the end of the Cold War.The single and traditional nation citizenship education cannot meet the rapid development and changes of the world.Thus many countries and international organizations actively implement World Citizenship Education(WCE)to meet the challenges of globalization.WCE ideological trend began spring up along with this process.It is of significance to study and answer two core issues.The first is how to understand and deal with the relationship between nation identity and world identity for WCE ideological trend.The second is whether carrying out world citizenship education is practical according to WCE ideological trend proposition.Based on three progressive dimensions of"descriptive studies,reflective research,evaluative research",this dissertation aims to study WCE ideological trend.The first dimension is:what is WCE ideological trend?This part aims to make a descriptive research on ideological trend by focusing on some core conceptions concerning ideological trend(Chapter One),literature review abroad and in China(Chapter Two),view of world citizenship(Chapter Five),view of world citizenship education(Chapter Six)and so on.First,in terms of core concept of world citizenship education,this dissertation defines the connotation and extension of the world citizenship education.Second,in terms of literature review,this dissertation sets up a scientific research method,and analyzes millions of relevant documents in two important English data bases,Web of Science and Scopus,as well as four Chinese data bases,CNKI,CSSCI,VIP and WANGFANG,and studies the highlighted topics and some relevant problems abroad and in China.Third,this dissertation clarifies different schools of world citizenship education's ideological trend and their relations,analyzes views of word citizenship's qualifications and education,and explains the main points from the perspectives of identity,rights,obligations and participation.The main point of the WCE ideological trend concentrated in the following respects:The significance of WCE is protect human rights and Co-development.The implement of WCE is teacher education and curriculum reform.The dimension of WCE is multidimension from national identitiy to world identitiy.The carrier of WCE is global governance vs world government.The universality of WCE is Western-style universal ideas vs multiplex civilization.The second dimension is:the "why" questions concerning WCE ideological trend.Centered on reflective research,this dissertation studies why the ideological trend happened,developed and rose in contemporary times and explores the theoretical roots behind ideological trend.The first concern is the history of ideological trend.Through the division of three periods and seven steps,this dissertation exhibits the development skeleton of world citizenship education's ideological trend from 4 B.C.to the present time.The second concern are theories related to world citizenship education,including theories of cosmopolitanism,theories of global governance,theories of globalization and the relevant theories about worldwide and local(Chapter Four).Studies have shown that:First,cosmopolitanism theories are theoretical sources of world citizenship education's ideology.When the world citizenship education faces the low tide,cosmopolitanism always evolves in a spiral way no matter whether it was in the times of ancient Greek city-state or the rise of state nations.Second,globalization has resulted in global differentiation with the traces of Western ideology.However,it is still an objective historical process.Third,when countries agreed to strengthen global economic governance,the international organizations and some scholars in the political,legal,cultural and other fields made more demands to the global citizen society,the world governments and the establishment of the World Federation,and implement these demands through project of propaganda,education and some special courses.Fourth,the national concepts and theories differing from cosmopolitanism(including patriotism,nationalism and nationalism)and worldwide concepts and theories applicable to world citizenship education's ideological trend(including ultra-nationalism,internationalism,cultural relativism and humanism)together constitute the theoretical foundation of world citizenship education's ideological trend.The third dimension is:the "how" question concerning WCE ideological trend.Concentrating on evaluative research,this dissertation studies some core questions concerning the practical influence and theoretical controversy of the trend(Chapter Seven),and explores the critical theories,such as dependency theory,world system theory,post-colonialism and some contrary theories,such as axial civilizations theory and civilization radiation theories,and evaluates the abnormal development of WCE ideological trend.Last,this dissertation draw a conclusion,makes reflections in "who is world citizens,who can carry world citizenship education,how to balance unification against diversity".This dissertation puts forward expectations on four aspects(Chapter Eight):"to build the community of common destiny for all mankind through world citizenship education;to realize the integration of national citizenship and world citizenship step by step;to improve from international organizations to a 'global community';to have a further development on the trend of world citizenship education."The following conclusions are deduced base on the analyses above:1.Based on the affirmation of national identity,WCE ideological trend Promote multidimensional citizenship and identity.2.Emphasizing on human common interest,WCE ideological trend can be used for reference and localized.3.WCE ideological trend have five main features.Seen from the influencing scope,it is a large ideological trend in developed countries and a medium-sized one in developing countries.Seen from the ideology,the subject of ideological trend focuses on globalization and its objective aims to promote global understanding.Seen from the purpose and effect of ideological trend,there is no unity because of the paradox between subjectivity and objectivity.Seen from the cause of its prosperity,the ideological trend is the combination of advocacy and persecution from crisis.Seen from spreading initiative,it is a passive trend.