| In terms of the production process,the higher education enrollment espansion policy and other public policies is same to other products.They also go through the basic process of inputs,production and outputs.They need different levels of human resources,material resources and financial resources from social components including governments.Through processing and integrating of resources by particular organization and process,public goods are produced.However,the government is essentially different from other organizations such as profit organization.There are essential differences exist between the general organization and the process and its performance of public policies,as an important means of government administration.The key difference is that public policies must meet the public value and public expectations.Therefore,we must take into account public values and treat it as a fundamental issue when we are constructing the performance evaluation framework of public policy.Specifically,not only the input of human resources,material resources and financial resources for public policies from the government and society must meet certain public values,but also political legitimacy,technical knowledge and supportive institutional arrangements.When government and particular organizations integrate and process human resources,material resources and financial resources using scientific management methods and management tools,they can not go against the demands of the public value of specific public policies and then they can maximize the efficiency from the point of scientific management.In theory,the output of public policy is the policy performance in line with the value after the first two stages of performance.Therefore,when we are constructing the performance evaluation framework of public policy,we must take pubic value and inputs performance,process performance and outputs performance together.The public value demanded of the the higher education enrollment expansion policy is the development of higher education.Higher schools absorb all types ofresources from government and society.Through processing and integrating resources,they provide public goods and public services.All the process must contribute to the development of higher education.Based on generation process of the enrollment expansion policy and the public value standard of development of higher education,the paper establishes the standard of the inputs performance,process performance and outputs performance of the enrollment expansion policy,which contribute to the development of higher education.Further,based on performance criteria of input,process and output,we establish 23 evaluation indices such as the ratio of the population in the high school to the population in the whole society.We empower indices by analytic hierarchy process.On this basis,the paper does the evaluation of the input performance,process performance and output performance of high education enrollment policy by using TOPSIS,the degree of coordination and coordinated development,the Gini coefficient and structural decomposition,variable decomposition technique.The basic conclusions of this study are following:When it comes to comprehensive evaluation of the enrollment expansion policy inputs performance,the basic conclusions are: First,enrollment expansion policy improves the overall level of social investment in college in a specific time period,but this improvement is phased.Second,score of human resources investment has been in a rising state since enrollment expansion.Third,score of material resources investment has been declining after rising,which is in an inverted “U” shaped state since enrollment expansion.Forth,score of financial resources investment is in a rapid growth after a steady one earlier since enrollment expansion.Fifth,material resources investment is at minimum weight,which is typical of “health-based” index.Sixth,financial resources investment is at biggest weight,which is typical of“incentive” index.Seventh,human resources investment is at medium weight,which is typical of “intermediate” index.Accordingly,Combined with the related background,there are some inferences:First,material resources investment is extremely volatile,which means fixed resource investment in college is lack of effective macro-control from government.Second,there are not enough resources to satisfy everyone in colleges and the trend has been expanded.Third,the enrollment expansion policy is a dinner that typically government “treat” while educatees and colleges “pay”.Fourth,higher education is lack of ability that access to more resources from government.Fifth,focus of socialinvestment in colleges has been shifted from fixed assets investment to daily business funding investment,and the development of enrollment expansion policy has entered a new stage.When it comes to comprehensive evaluation of the enrollment expansion policy process performance,the basic conclusions are: First,there is no increase of internal human resources and material resources in colleges since enrollment policy has been implemented,and go to a declining trend of overall level.Second,the six indices including library area per student fluctuate in the enrollment expansion policy implementation process,but have been decreased compared to 1998.Third,the five indices including welfare housing area per student always decline in enrollment expansion policy implementation process.Fourth,the three indices including classroom area per student go in fluctuation.Fifth,the five indices including stadium area per student are at minimum weight and to be typical of “peaceful” indices.Sixth,the four indices including the number of teachers per student are at maximum weight that means they are “revolutionary” indices typically.Seventh,the five indices including classroom area per student are at medium weight,namely typical“turbulence” index.Accordingly,Combined with the related background,there are some inferences:First,colleges do not make effective use of all kinds of resources from society.Second,the growth rate of resources is lower than the growth of the size of student,colleges play an ill-prepared “expansion war”.Third,it's a perfect chance to improve the comprehensive level of college internal resources performance.Fourth,the department in charge of higher education formulates the relevant restrictive policies and regulations in order to ensure the basic specifications of college internal resources,but has not been strictly followed.Fifth,enrollment expansion policy indeed dilutes the limited higher education resources,public education has an impact on elite education.When it comes to comprehensive evaluation of enrollment expansin policy process performance,the basic conclusions are: First,the distribution of human resources is more uneven than that of material resources in colleges in the period of enrollment expansion.Second,during the course of enrollment expansion,the comprehensive level of material resources showes stable characteristics in the fluctuation,and the comprehensive level of human resources is in a declining state throughout the entire enrollment expansion period.Third,college enrollment policymakes the material resources lag into human resources lag.Fourth,since the enrollment expansion,the coordination degree and coordinated development of material resources and human resources in colleges are declining.Fifth,since the enrollment expansion,the volatility of the coordination degree of material resources and human resources in colleges is stronger than that of the coordinated development degree.Sixth,since the implementation of the enrollment expansion policy,material resources and human resources per student in the colleges has changed from the“large scale and high coordination type” gradually to “small scale and low coordination type”.Seventh,while the expansion of enrollment policy reduces the coordinated development degree of material resources and human resources of higher education in the colleges,but the coordinated development basically has been developed coordinately.Accordingly,Combined with the related background,there are some inferences:First,the macro-control ability of the higher education administration department on the construction of the internal resources in the colleges is insufficient and the control effect is not good.Second,the control ability of the higher education administration department on two internal kinds of resources scale in colleges is stronger than the control ability of the coordination degree.Thirdly,the coordination degree of the material resources and human resources per student in colleges is decreasing year by year,which may is an important reason for the enrollment expansion policy full criticized.Fourth,the current colleges should regard human resources as the key point of resources construction.When it comes to the evaluation of regional equity funds enrollment expansion policy process performance,the basic conclusions are: First,the enrollment expansion policy do not improve inter provincial differences on Chinese higher education expenditure per student,personal spending per student,public sector spending per student,but improve inter provincial differences on infrastructure spending per student.Second,compared with before enrollment,after the implementation of the enrollment expansion policy,personal spending per student to the total expenditure has increased slightly,the public spending to total expenditure has greatly promoted,accordingly,infrastructure spending on the ratio of total expenditure showes a shrinking trend.Third,before and after the implementation of the enrollment expansion policy,personal spending has been have a narrow effect on the differences of total expenditure,after the implementation of enrollment policy,public expenditurehas four observed years expanding effect and ten observed years reducing effect on the differences of total expenditure,and in most years infrastructure spending have an strong expansion effect on the inter provincial differences of total expenditure;Fourth,after the implementation of the expansion enrollment policy,the Gini coefficient of provincial expenditure of higher education funds increase with decreases,and no significant time trend;Fifth,expenditure for each sub area distribution change of the gap has the greatest influence on changes of inter provincial higher education expenditure Gini coefficient;Sixth,in most years the expansion policy has implemented,infrastructure spending on the overall human resource Gini coefficient plays a the largest role in promoting.Accordingly,Combined with the related background,there are some inferences:First,personnel funds directly affects the survival and development of the main teaching activities,the expenditure is rigid;Second,public funds expenditures are without uniform satandard in Chinese provinces and often based on the local financial resources in the implementation.The provinces with low financial resource have to occupy public funds;Third,the influencing on higher education spending from the provincial finance difference is more reflected in the infrastructures centralized arrangement by the development and reform department;Fourth,in order to reduce the inter provincial difference of total expenditure on the basis of the previous year,we should focus on reducing various types of spending in the provinces of actual ownership for the present;Fifth,to reduce the difference of total expenditure on the current years,the best choice is focusing on infrastructure spending distribution in provinces and adjusting its proportion in all kinds of expenditure;Sixth,in the enrollment expansion period,in order to snatch students,even under the condition of lacking of resources,colleges must devote more resources and then form a low level equilibrium;Seventh,the relevant documents,which were issued to ensure the quality and specifications of ordinary higher schools by national education administrative departments ensure basic education funds in the enrollment expansion.Overall,enrollment expasion policy does not expand difference of provincial expenditures of higher education funds significantly,and in the expansion period,the provincial differences of higher education funds kept in a relatively controllable state.When it comes to the evaluation of the output performance of the enrollment expansion policy,the basic conclusions are: First,from 1998 to 2013,the output performance of the colleges showes characteristics of rising year by year.Second,from1998 to 2013,the contribution to improving the quality of employment,is basically better year by year.Third,from 1998 to 2013,the contribution to improving the national cultural quality has been rapidly grown.Forth,from 1998 to 2013,the contribution to absorb the employment has been steadily developed.Fifth,from 1998 to 2013,the contribution to delaying employment has been increased every year.Sixth,the contribution to direct absorption of employment and delaying employment are at minimum weights,which are typical "brute force" indices.Seventh,the contribution to improving the quality of employment is at maximum weight,which is a typical "lever" index.Ehighth,the contribution to improving the national cultural quality is at medium weight,which is a typical "equal strength" index.Accordingly,Combined with the related background,there are some inferences:First,our country has entered the period of popularization higher education.Second,through improving the employment quality of higher education,the enrollment expansion policy will gradually play a role on the economic growth.Third,education is not everything,the improvement of quality of the national culture does not mean that the improvement of national quality,the improvement of national quality depends on a variety of power of the resultant forces.Fourth,the enrollment expansion policy has a strong effect on the problem of employment in our country.Fifth,the high education' ability of absorbing employment is limited.Sixth,the enrollment expansion policy has an important political performance.Sixth,the enrollment expansion policy the expansion of enrollment policy gives the chances of living in the university to receive hihger education to more and more "blood gas" young people,and this may be the reason that the transitional society that having more and more contradictions can still maintain steady.The innovation of this paper is that from the perspective of performance generation,the paper takes the input performance,process performance and output performance as the objects of performance evaluation,makes a more systematic performance evaluation of the higher education enrollment policy carried out a more systematic performance evaluation of enrollment expansion policy,and obtains some conclusions of certain value.The future research areas of this study will be conducetd on constructing “soft” performance evaluation model based on stakeholders,international comparison study on performance evaluation of enrollment expansion policy and logistic study on enrollment expansion policy and so on. |
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