| With the advent of the“information society",the traditional education model can no longer satisfy the needs of social development for information talents.Therefore,the development or promotion of education informationization has become an important task of the times.After years of development,China's education informationization has made many remarkable achievements.However,as education informationization progresses,some deep-seated problems have gradually emerged,hindering the development of education informationization.At present,education informationization in China is moving from the goal of "Three Links and Two Platforms”of the 1.0 era to the goal of "Full coverage,Improved Information Literacy,and Internet Plus Education Platform”of the 2.0 era.The key to achieving this task is to resolve current problems.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the deep-seated problems in the development of education informationization.Based on the analytical framework of cooperative governance and focusing on the difficulty of education informationization in complex situations,this paper adopts the method of multiple case analysis to reveal the "black box" of cooperative governance in education informationization,analyze the structure and process of cooperative governance and interrelations of relevant factors,explore conditions for effective multi-agent cooperation between government,enterprises,schools,etc.and possible factors that hinder cooperation during education informationization,and put forward some innovative ideas and strategies.Chapter 1 introduces the research background and main issues and reviews previous research,based on which the significance and methods of this research are presented.At present,education informationization in China is not only the requirement of“information" society,but also an important development strategy of the country.Based on the observation of practice and the literature review,this study puts forward the key question:how to effectively promote complex cooperation in education informationization?Chapter 2 describes the theoretical basis and analytical framework.The theoretical basis of this research is the theory of cooperative governance.This research elaborates the background,the essence,and the compatibility of cooperative governance theory on the issue of education informationization cooperation governance.Furthermore,based on the theory of cooperative governance,the analytical framework of this research is proposed.From the four aspects of environment,structure,process and results,this paper analyzes the process of multi-agent cooperative governance of education informationization from the perspective of cooperative governance theory.Chapter 3 to 6 provide a comprehensive analysis of the basic approaches of education informationization in China from the four aspects of environment,structure,process and results,which is the core content of this research.Chapter 7 presents policy recommendations based on the previous four chapters.Finally,Chapter 8 summarizes the conclusions of the study and presents shortcomings and prospects.Chapters 3 analyzes the external environment of education informationization.It points out that the development of education informationization is affected by economic environment,institutional environment,cultural environment and technological environment.The complex environment faced by education informationization makes the related governance entities interlaced and form a larger environment In this environment,there is strong interdependence between all subjects,mainly reflected in power,technology and talent,and funding.It is precisely this complicated environment and the resource dependence between different education informationization subjects that entail cooperative governance in education informationization in China.Chapter 4 makes a detailed analysis of the main subject structure in education informationization.By analyzing the roles of the basic subjects in education informationization-government,enterprises and schools,it points out the transformation of the government from taking on everything to supervision and management;the transition of enterprises from short-term cooperation to long-term participation;the transition of school from forced participation to active participation.This chapter also sorts out the main relationships,including inter-governmental relations,government-enterprise relations,multi-enterprise relations,and school-enterprise relations.Hence,it demonstrates two levels of cooperation between subjects in the construction of education informationization(simple-level cooperation and complex-level cooperation).Simple cooperation mainly refers to cooperation between a single enterprise and a single school or district and county local government It is characterized by simple relationship,simple and easy connection,low level of cooperation,and easier achievement of cooperation goals.This level of cooperation has achieved good results in the construction of education informationization.Complex cooperation is mainly reflected in the cooperation between multiple enter:prises and municipal governments or above.It has many characteristics,including multiple entities,complex network of relationships,complicated ways of communication and connection,high level of cooperation,and high cost of consumption.Complex cooperation is more common in the informationization of education at prefecture-level cities and above,and there are more problems,which is the focus of this study.Based on the theoretical model of an ideal process of multi-agent cooperation in education informationization,Chapter 5 describes the operation of the static inter-subject structure in empirical cooperation,so as to explore the key problem of cooperative governance.Based on the structure relationship of different subjects in education informationization,this research builds a model of cooperative governance,reveals the ideal process of establishing cooperation,and explores stages and the intermediate mechanism to solve the core problem of education informationization in the process of multi-agent cooperation,which refers to the four stages in a cycle,namely sharing goals,establishing trust,keeping commitment,and reaching consensus.Then,this study compares the ideal model with the actual cooperation process to reveal the differences and gaps,which are embodied in the following four stages:First,the strategy and standard of selecting a partner.Second,the distribution of responsibilities and rights in cooperation agreements.Third,the resolution of conflicts in the cooperation process.Fourth,the maintenance service at the stage of project acceptance.Chapter 6 explores the mechanism of effective cooperation in education informationization and the deep-seated problems and causes of education informationization under complex scenarios.This study believes that the reason why simple-level cooperation can be effectively promoted is that it guarantees complete resource docking chain,unimpeded communication,accurate docking of platforms and services,and clear role positioning.At the same time,the research points out that for complex-level cooperation,there exist major problems such as insufficient capital investment,repetitive platform construction and lack of cooperation,focus on quantity but not quality in products and services,and a mismatch between the supply and demand of products and services.Furthermore,through field investigation and comprehensive analysis,it is found that there are four major causes of the dilemma,including a lack of depth in cooperation,inadequate ability in cooperation,low cooperation efficiency,and weak cooperation intention.There is a lack of depth in cooperation in that that the contract between the government and enterprises is not continuous and the cooperation relationship is unstable;Inadequate cooperation capabilities include the lack of various cooperation competencies in fund use,cooperation identification,and market monopoly;Low cooperation efficiency highlights the lack of logistics exchange,fund payment,and information exchange between the two sides in the process of government-enterprise cooperation;Weak cooperation intention reveals that the establishment of trust,resource dependence,and commitment fulfillment between the two entities at the complex level are not steady,deep-going,and timely.Chapter 7 proposes strategies for further improvement according to the analytical framework and empirical study on cooperation governance discussed in previous chapters.Based on the collaborative governance framework of "environment-structure-process-results",this study offers corresponding suggestions and strategies.Firstly,optimize the environment for cooperative governance in education informationization.The central government should improve the macro policy guidance system.Local governments should rationally plan the construction process,and appropriately relax the enterprise access restrictions.Secondly,improve the structure of cooperative governance in education informationization,and improve the internal and external interoperability networks of the government while clarifying the internal structural relationship of the government Thirdly,adjust the process of cooperative governance in education informationization,which includes establishing an information exchange mechanism,developing a precise docking platform for resources,building a mechanism for conflict resolution,and improving the application evaluation system.Fourthly,deepen the concept of cooperative governance in education informationization,which is mainly about deepening a correct understanding of education informationization and the consensus on cooperative governance.Chapter 8 presents the conclusion of this study and future prospects based on previous research.From the perspective of cooperative governance theory,this study analyzes the process of education informationization in each region from the four aspects of environment,structure,process and results,and explores why cooperative governance appears in the process of education informationization,and how cooperative governance is possible.The study also analyzes the structural relationship between different subjects of education informationization,deconstructs the process and intermediate factors of multi-agent cooperative governance of education informationization,explores problems that hinder cooperative governance,discusses ways of effectively promoting education informationization,and answers key research questions of this study.However,it should be pointed out that due to limitations on both subjective and objective conditions,there are still some shortcomings in research methods,data collection,research content,and theoretical extension of this study.This study thereby proposes ideas for future research.It is hoped that gaps in this study can be bridged in the follow-up research so that we can effectively adjust the relationship between subjects in education informationization,and that the government,enterprises and schools can effectively work together in a cooperative manner to establish a grand new pattern of cooperative governance compatible with the new era and to jointly promote education informationization.Based on the framework of cooperative governance including "environment-structure-process-results ",this study adopts the multi-case research method to explore the problems and causes in cooperative governance,demonstrating certain originality in the analytical framework,research content,and strategy recommendations.In terms of the analytical framework,this study is based on the theory of cooperative governance,closely following practical problems,constructing a cooperative governance framework of "environment-structure-process-results",and analyzing the process of education informationization.As for the research content,based on the theoretical framework,this study analyzes the general process of cooperative governance,opens the "black box"of cooperative governance,and reveals the deep-rooted causes for the multi-subject cooperation dilemma in education informationization.Focusing on the key problem in the governance of education informationization,this study is an extension of research content and theoretical explanation on previous research.In terms of policy recommendations,this study focuses on optimizing the environment,improving the structure,debugging process,and deepening the understanding.All strategies are proposed under the framework of cooperative governance theory and are strongly applicable to cooperative governance in education informationization.In short,from the perspective of cooperative governance theory,this study links problems,causes,and possible measures in cooperative governance of education informationization,which is constructive to the establishment of a feasible and effective action plan for education informationization in China. |
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