| Adolescence,as the period of transition from children to adult and the initial stage after adulthood,is in the critical period of life development.Various kinds of psychological activities are active,and various psychological qualities are forming but not yet stable.It is easy to appear mental sub-health status because of its great plasticity.Our government pays great attention to the mental health of adolescents.In recent years,some policies and plans such as "Healthy China 2030" Program Outline and "Medium and Long-term Youth Development Plan(2016-2025)" have clearly mentioned that the psychological problems of adolescents in China are becoming increasingly prominent,and it is necessary to strengthen the early detection and timely intervention of the psychological problems of adolescents.Relevant studies have shown that psychological problems have a direct impact on individual neuromodulatory mechanism and nervous system,thus affecting individual physiological activities and leading to a series of physical reactions.As a result,individual physical health will change.To explore the physical and mental relationship of adolescents with different mental health levels,especially the group of adolescents with mental sub-health,is of great significance not only to improve the health status of adolescents with mental sub-health,but also to some extent to promote the physical fitness improvement of adolescents as a whole.Based on the above background,According to the principle of "male-female ratio,urban-rural ratio,north-south ratio",from 2015 to 2016,the researchers selected 16545 adolescents(male: 8344,female: 8201)from all administrative districts in China by stratified cluster random sampling method.The participants were investigated by using the psychological domain of the Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents(MSQA),and took part in physical health test and life habits survey at the same time.The objectives of the present study were twofold:(1)to explore the relationship between mental sub-health and physical fitness,and the factors affecting the relationship between mental sub-health and physical fitness among adolescents in China;(2)from the theoretical and practical aspects,to provide scientific basis for promoting the identification of mental health,improving their physical health,and intervening mental sub-health among adolescents,so as to improve the mental health level and physical health level of adolescents in China.This study analyzed and discussed the psychological sub-health status and influencing factors of Chinese adolescents,the relationship between mental sub-health and physical health,and the psychological sub-health of sports intervention from the following three studies.The results are as follows:Research 1: Objective: To study the mental sub-health status of adolescents in China and explore various factors affecting the mental sub-health of adolescents.Methods: The stratified cluster random sampling method was used in the first grade of junior high school to the fourth grade of university in each administrative region.About 120 boys and girls were selected from each grade.A total of 16,545 adolescents were selected for the mental subhealth test and lifestyle survey.Chisquare test and logistic regression were used to measure the data of mental sub-health of adolescents.Results:(1)In terms of demographic factors and psychological subhealth: The detection rate of psychological sub-health status of male adolescents was 20.7%,and the female detection rate was 18.6%.The comparison between male and female was statistically significant(P<0.05).The detection rate of mental sub-health status of junior high school students and high school students was 22.5% and 20.6%,respectively,and that of college students was 10.5%.The comparison between different age groups was statistically significant(P<0.05);(2)Concerning physical activity and mental sub-health: “exercise time 30-60 min / d(OR=0.858,P<0.05)”,“screen time 1-2 h / d(OR=0.782,P<0.05)” was negatively related to adolescent mental health status;(3)Regarding dietary habits and psychological sub-health: "Basically eat breakfast(OR = 0.700,P <0.05)","vegetables are basically eaten(OR = 0.559,P <0.05)","fish are basically eaten(OR = 0.801,P<0.05)","basically eating dairy products(OR=0.831,P<0.05)" was negatively correlated with the sub-health status of adolescents;(4)"Defecation was basically normal(OR=0.570,P<0.05)",“attention to health at ordinary times(OR=0.482,P<0.05)” and “confidence to the body(OR=0.485,P<0.05)” were negatively correlated with the sub-health status of adolescents;(5)“Sleep time < 6 h / d(OR=1.486,P<0.05)” was positively correlated with the sub-health status of adolescents.Summary:(1)Compared with college students,the detection rate of mental health of middle school students is higher.Compared with women,male teenagers have higher psychological sub-health detection rate;(2)Positive physical activity,good health awareness and eating habits have a negative correlation with adolescent psychological sub-health detection;(3)Insufficient sleep time increases the risk of juvenile psychological sub-health detection.Research 2: Objective: To understand the physical fitness and its influencing factors of mental sub-health adolescents in China.Methods: Physical health test was carried out on the participants in study 1,Z score method,radar chart method and logistic regression method were used to analyze the psychological subhealth survey data and physical health test data.Results:(1)With reference to “mental health”,mental sub-health was negatively correlated with normal body weight among adolescents(OR=0.034,P<0.05);(2)with “mental health” as reference,mental subhealth was negatively correlated with high-grade 30-second sit-ups performances(OR=0.142,P<0.05),high-grade performances of sit and reach(OR=0.121,P<0.05),high-grade 20 m shuttle run test performances(OR=0.195,P<0.05);(3)with “mental health” as reference,mental sub-health was negativelyly correlated with physical fitness index among adolescents(OR=0.203,P < 0.05);(4)The comprehensive evaluation values of mental health,psychological sub-health symptoms and mental sub-health status of male adolescents were 0.988,0.918 and 0.879,respectively,and those of girls were 0.996,0.924 and 0.825 respectively.(5)Compared with other monthly incomes,the detection rates of low physical fitness index,overweight and obesity were the highest among the sub-healthy adolescents with family monthly income between 2001-5000 yuan,which were 39.7%,40.2% and 42.4%,respectively.The difference was statistically significant(P <0.05).Compared with other exercise time,the prevalence of low physical fitness index,overweight and obesity of mental sub-healthy adolescents with exercise time < 30 min / d were the highest,and it was 52.2%,52.6% and 56.7% respectively(P<0.05).Summary:(1)Compared with mental health adolescents,mental sub-health adolescents have greater rates of overweight and obesity and worse physical fitness;(2)Compared with mental health,mental sub-health has a negative impact on adolescents’ normal weight,muscle endurance,flexibility,and cardiorespiratory level;(3)family monthly income,exercise time are related to physical health of mental sub-health adolescents.Research 3: Objective: To explore the feasibility of improving the mental subhealth level of adolescents by means of exercise intervention.Methods: By means of purposeful sampling,eight classes were selected in urban and rural junior middle schools and high schools,and two classes were selected in universities for exercise intervention.Results:(1)Before the exercise intervention,the sub-health detection of the experimental group and the control group did not show significant difference at the class and gender level;(2)the prevalence of the sub-health state of the urban junior high school,high school and university control class was 17.8%,28.9%,24.4%,respectively,the detection rate of the experimental class was 0%,4.2%,0%,repectively(P<0.05),and the prevelance of the sub-health state of the middle school and high school control class was 15.0% and 25.0%,respectively;the detection rate after the experimental class was 2.2% and 0%,respectively(P < 0.05);(3)the prevelance of the sub-health state of the male in the junior high school,high school and university control class was 16.3%.31.1%,0.%,respectively.The prevelance after the experimental class was 2.0%,2.1%,0%,respectively(P<0.05);(3)the detection rate of psychological sub-health symptoms in the female control group and the experimental group was 21.7% and 21.3%,respectively(P>0.05).Summary: Exercise intervention has a certain short-term effect on the improvement of psychological sub-health of male adolescents and middle school students.Based on the above three studies,the following conclusions and recommendations are drawn:Conclusions:(1)Compared with college students,the detection rate of mental health of middle school students is higher.Compared with women,male teenagers have higher psychological sub-health detection rate;(2)Good habits(positive physical activity,good health-conscious eating habits,adequate sleep)reduce the risk of sub-health detection in adolescents;(3)Compared with mentally healthy adolescents,the mental sub-health group is overweight,has a higher rate of obesity,and has a lower level of physical fitness.Among the indicators of physical fitness,the level of cardiorespiratory level,flexibility level and muscle endurance of mentally sub-health adolescents showed a significant gap compared with mentally healthy adolescents.Suggestions:(1)It is important to cultivate good lifestyle and habits among adolescents,including persistent exercise,adequate sleep,balanced nutrition intake,and so on,especially in the middle school stage.(2)It is suggested that more exercises to enhance cardiopulmonary fitness,flexibility and muscle strength should be included in adolescent physical education classes and extracurricular activities. |
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