A Historical And Theoretical Study Of Wise Education

Wise education is the fundamental state of existence of human education.Firstly,since F.Bacon proposed that knowledge is power,know-ledge education aiming at cultivating knowledge people has been in vogue.However,knowledge and knowledge education are far from being able to solve all the problems faced by human beings,especially those related to value judgment,ethics morals and meaning construction.Secondly,with the development of artificial intelligence,human will have more leisure time,but at the same time,it will also aggravate human's alienation and one-sided development,so it calls for wise education.Thirdly,wisdom has ontological value,and wise education can help people achieve wise life and create better life.Therefore,education should turn from cultivating knowledge people to cultivating wise people,and go beyond knowledge education to pursue wise education.Marxism humanity theory and materialistic dialectics are the important theoretical basis of this study.Wisdom is born with the birth of human practice,and develops with the development of human practice.Scientific and technological invention,institutional reform and cultural innovation are the crystallization of human wisdom.Therefore,wisdom and wise education both are diachronic concepts.Wise education develops with the development of human wisdom,and presents different developing situations and characteristics at different stages of historical development.According to Marxism humanity theory and materialistic dialectics,wisdom is the practice based on the needs of individuals that realizes the unity of truth,goodness and beauty in the three fields of nature,society and human beings themselves.Wise education refers to the practice that educators start from the needs of human beingsand enable people to seek truth,goodness and beauty in the three fields of nature,society and human beings themselves through enlightenment and influence,so as to cultivate human wisdom and devote themselves to the realization of human's free and comprehensive development.According to the basic principles of Marxism materialistic dialectics,through in-depth investigation and analysis of some typical cases of wise education in ancient schools,families and society,it is concluded that wise education in ancient times paid more attention to people's moral cultivation and humanistic feelings,emphasizing the satisfaction of people's spiritual needs.From the deep roots,this is formed due to scare economy restricted by the traditional small-scale peasant economy,the autocratic political rule under the bureaucratic regime of centralized monarchy and the social cultural psychology under the domination of the Confucian culture.The ancient wise education is full of strong humanistic spirit,but also faces some problems such as too idealized moral requirements and suppression of individual's freedom and creativity in practice.Similarly,through in-depth investigation and analysis of many typical cases of wise education in modern and contemporary schools,families and society,it is concluded that wise education pays more attention to the national economy and people's livelihood to enrich the people and make the country strong,and pays attention to the satisfaction of people's material needs.From the deep roots,this is formed due to the booming development of economy under the commodity economy system,the social application of science and technology,and the multi-cultural development centered on instrumental rationality and individual rights.The modern and contemporary wise education advocates scientific spirit,but should also avoid the extreme tendency of standardization,mechanization and extreme utilitarianism.Looking forward,based on the understanding of the negation of negation law of Marxism and the free and comprehensive development theory of human beings,this study proposes that the future wise education will lead to the harmonious development of human's material needs and spiritual needs,namely the harmonious wise education.The harmonious wise education is to cultivate people's practical skills and ability to survive,but also is to improve people's spiritual growth,which emphasizes materiality and reality of life,and pays attention to spirituality and the value of life.It should not only meet the material needs of people,but also meet and improve people's spiritual needs,in order to make people settle down well in the heaven and earth,promoting the realization of people's free and comprehensive development.In short,the development of wise education has experienced the ancient wise education of valuing spirit and the modern and contemporary wise education of valuing material,and will move towards the wise education in the future with harmonious coexistence of material and spirit.This is the inevitability of historical development,and also historical law and evolution logic of the development of wise education.