| Autism,or autism spectrum disorder(ASD),refers to a broad range of neurodevelopmental disorders originated from early childhood,characterized by social communication and interaction disorders and narrow interest and repeat stereotyped behavior patterns,severity and range from mild to severe,its individual characteristics and expression in language,behavior,and social development has obvious heterogeneity.According to the Centers for Disease Control of the United States in 2018,the incidence rate of autism in children is 1:59 and growing continued,and the global incidence rate is about 1%?1.5%.More than 10 million families with autism in China are facing the crisis of high intervention costs and insufficient technical means at the same time,which has developed into a social problem that needs to be solved urgently.Due to the complex causes,there is no specific treatment for the core symptoms of autism,and it has become a consensus among experts that early detection,early behavioral intervention and education can significantly improve the poor prognosis of autism.At present,autism evaluation and intervention are still in the initial stage of extensive and inefficient.In terms of evaluation,traditional evaluation methods mostly adopt scales,behavioral observation,parental reports and other methods.Experts are highly dependent,lack objective quantitative indicators,and time-consuming and laborious,making it difficult to be refined and intelligent.In terms of intervention,traditional intervention methods mostly adopt intensive round training,with complex operation process and high professional requirements.The single,boring and boring intervention method is difficult to stimulate children's interest in learning and maintain long-term attention,easy to cause resistance and fatigue,and poor intervention effect.Therefore,breakthroughs in ideas,methods and techniques are urgently needed in autism assessment and intervention.Advanced international research and practice in the recent ten years continuously show that based on the technology of human-computer interaction intelligent assessment and intervention for children with autism rehabilitation education provides a new opportunity,such as artificial intelligence,virtual reality,robot of a new generation of information technology application and practice in the field of autism research constantly emerging,but still faces some problems and challenges:First,the technique is applied to children's education need to be wary,how the suitability of land use in the process of autistic children education human-computer interaction technology is still a lack of theoretical guidance;Second,autistic children have various difficulties in emotional social interaction,involving cognition,common attention,emotional understanding and other categories.However,the current evaluation method relies on scale evaluation and behavioral observation,and lacks objective quantitative indicators,making it difficult to conduct detailed evaluation.Third,autistic children have many difficulties and impairments in emotional and social aspects,but the underlying mechanism is still unclear,leading to poor intervention effect.Fourth,autistic children have significant differences among individuals,and fixed and single learning activities and intervention modes are difficult to meet the needs of diverse development trajectories of autistic children.Faced with the increasingly severe situation of rehabilitation of autistic children in China and the above problems and challenges,it is urgent to develop a new generation of human-computer interaction technology and methods for autistic children that integrates quantitative assessment and personalized intervention,which is of great scientific significance and social value.Emotional social deficit is one of the most core,complex and significant symptoms of children with ASD,which is manifested in the difficulties of emotional understanding and expression,social viewpoint selection,social cue processing,information integration and social interaction and sharing,and constitutes the most important basis for the diagnosis of ASD.Quantitative assessment and personalized intervention for emotional social deficits are particularly important for improving the emotional cognition and social function development and adapting to complex social life and environment of children with ASD.Therefore,this research will be around the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder children-emotional social defect carried out based on the behavior experiment,questionnaire survey and eye tracking multi-source data fusion under the perspective of human-computer interaction technology support assessment and intervention study,strive to build a new generation of children with autism oriented technical support of human-computer interaction with"Strategy-Assessment-Mechanism-Intervention"(S-E-M-I)as a "four-in-one" research methods and theoretical system,advocating multidisciplinary cooperation again,the idea of scientific intervention,focus on the intervention and all-round development of children with ASD.The main work and innovation of this study are reflected in the following aspects:Firstly,through literature review,the concepts,etiology,screening,diagnosis and early education intervention methods related to autism were systematically elaborated,and the basic knowledge and development status of research related to autism were further clarified,so as to achieve the combination of professional research and popular science popularization.This aspect reviews and summarizes the application of human-computer interaction technology in evaluation and intervention of ASD,as well as the research progress of emotional and social deficits and expression recognition of children with ASD,so as to grasp the research frontier and lay the theoretical foundation of this study.Secondly,the SWOT situation analysis method was used to explore the existing problems and strategies in the educational application of human-computer interaction technology under the guidance of ecological theory,and the feasible suggestions were proposed.The Pedagogy Wheel for Autism(PWA model)was built based on Pedagogy Wheel model,providing theoretical framework and reference for the effective teaching design supported by technology of children with ASD.The results show that individual learning and development cannot be separated from the interaction with the environment.The application of human-computer interaction technology in education of children with ASD should follow the principles of taking advantage of opportunities,giving full play to advantages,making up for disadvantages and reducing risks,so as to provide appropriate technical support for the ecological system of children's learning and development.The educational application of human-computer interaction technology based on PWA model should focus on the cultivation of core competence of autistic children,and actively adopt different teaching forms such as doing,seeing,listening,speaking,thinking and touching to enhance the natural interaction mode.Enrich learning activities and situations;focus on the use of emotional strategies,and take into account complex environmental factors such as family,community,school and society,making education return to real life,focusing on the migration and generalization of learning,and providing continuous support and services.For the healthy growth and development of children with ASD,build a natural and harmonious digital education ecology.Thirdly,based on psychosocial development and learning theory of children and PWA model,the emotional social ability assessment games supported by human-computer interaction technology were designed,and an empirical study was conducted to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of human-computer interaction games in assessing children's emotional social defects.The results show that the targeted and diversified game evaluation can reflect the development level of autistic children's emotional and social skills objectively and comprehensively from a multidimensional perspective,and the multidimensional quantitative evaluation can effectively distinguish autistic children from typical developing children.The application of human-computer interactive games in emotional social evaluation of autistic children is feasible and effective,and the refined and multi-indicator evaluation can provide necessary basis for the development of personalized educational intervention plan.Fourth,based on the perspective of multi-source data fusion,the psychological behavior experiment,eye tracking technology and the questionnaire survey were used to explore the emotional face recognition characteristics,processing mechanism and influence factors of children with ASD.The results show that the display pattern of facial expression stimulation material,with expression intensity,expression category,gender and age worked together to influence the emotional face recognition ability of children with ASD.Children with ASD have unnormal emotional facial fixation pattern and processing mode,and tend to avoid eye contact,which has the dominant effect of "mouth fixation Children with ASD generally have sleep disorders and emotional and behavioral problems,accompanied by severe hyperactivity and peer relationship problems,and inadequate prosocial behavior ability.Sleep disorders and emotional and behavioral problems are significantly correlated with emotional social deficits in autistic children and affect their emotional face processing.The research results not only reveal the emotional face recognition and processing mechanism of autistic children,but also provide useful reference for effective intervention of emotional social interaction and provide objective biological indicators for early identification of autism.Fifth,to explore the theoretical framework and methods of learning activities for the integration of psychological theory,executive function,central integration function and mutual subjectivity theory.Also we created multi-stage emotional social learning activities oriented to mirror phase,mutual relationship phase and interactive communication phase.Based on the gamification learning activities,expression recognition teaching cases were constructed to provide reference for personalized education intervention practice.Preliminary experimental results suggest that diversified gamialized learning activities based on human-computer interaction can provide systematic support for emotional and social intervention of autistic children,comprehensively improve their emotional and social ability,and promote the comprehensive,coordinated and healthy development of autistic children.Aiming at the basic research problems of emotional and social defects of autistic children,this study carried out systematic and original research from aspects of S-E-M-1,developed theories and methods of evaluation and intervention research on autistic children,and has important theoretical innovation and practical reference significance.With technological innovation,we should actively use technology to solve social problems and make life better with technology,which is the original intention of this research and also the expectation of future research. |
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